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Anat > Lecture 5: Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functional roles of the Appendicular Skeleton?

A
  • Allow for completion of daily tasks
  • Allows for adjustment in body posture
  • Allows for mobility of the body
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2
Q

What is the Pectoral girdle made of?

A

The Scapula and Clavicle

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3
Q

What is a Girdle?

A

The area of the appendicular skeleton that is associated with the axial skeleton

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4
Q

What are the two segments of the Leg?

A

Tibia and Fibula

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5
Q

What are the two segments of the Forearm?

A

Ulna and Radius

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6
Q

What are the two ends of the Clavicle?

A

Acromial (lateral) End

Sternal (medial) End

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7
Q

What is the Sternoclavicular joint?

A

The joint between the sternal end of the clavicle and the sternum

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8
Q

What is the Acromioclavicular joint?

A

The joint between the Acromial end of the clavicle and the Acromion

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9
Q

What type of joints are the joints of the Sternum?

A

They are synovial joints

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10
Q

What is the function of the synovial joints of the clavicle?

A

They are mainly there to provide stability with limited (but key) movements

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11
Q

What are Articular discs always made out of?

A

Fibrocartilage

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12
Q

What cartilage is at the Sternoclavicular joint?

A

Articular cartilage and articular disc

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13
Q

What do two articular discs allow for?

A

Movement in two different planes

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14
Q

What kind of movement does the clavicle and sternum allow for?

A

It helps to elevate and depress the scapula and retraction and protraction of the scapula

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15
Q

What does the Scapula lie on?

A

The thoracic cage

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16
Q

What does the Scapula articulate with?

A

The clavicle and humerus

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17
Q

Where does the Scapula articulate with the Clavicle?

A

Acromioclavicular joint

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18
Q

What is the long side of the scapula?

A

The vertebral side

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19
Q

What is Coracoid process mainly associated with?

A

The muscles of the arm

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20
Q

Which part of the Scapula articulates with the humerous?

A

The glenoid fossa

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21
Q

Which part of the Humerus articulates with the shoulder?

A

The superior/Proximal part

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22
Q

Which part of the Humerus articulates at the elbow?

A

The inferior or distal part

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23
Q

What does the Humeral head articulate with?

A

The glenoid fossa of the Scapula

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24
Q

What are the bumps of the superior portion of the humerus known as?

A

Greater tubercle and lesser tubercle

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25
Q

What do the Greater and Lesser tubercles attach to and why?

A

They attach to muscles that stabilize the shoulder

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26
Q

Which tubercle of the humerus is more posterior?

A

The greater tubercle

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27
Q

What is the Intertubercular sulcus?

A

The groove between the two tubercles in the humerus

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28
Q

What will the Intertubercular Sulcus contain?

A

Tendons

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29
Q

What is the Bump on the humerus and what is its function?

A

The deltoid tuberosity. The attachment of the deltoid muscle

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30
Q

What are the functions of the Lateral and Medial Epicondyle?

A

Major muscle attachments to the forearm

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31
Q

What is the function of the Olecranon fossa of the Humerus?

A

The ulna has an Olecranon process that articulate in it

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32
Q

What are the two articulations of the elbow?

A

Capitulum and Trochlea

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33
Q

Which articulation of the elbow is Lateral?

A

The capitulum

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34
Q

Which articulation of the Elbow is Medial?

A

The Trochlea

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35
Q

What does the Capitulum articulate with?

A

The head of the radius

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36
Q

What does the Trochlea artiulate with?

A

The unla

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37
Q

What is the Condyle of the Humerus?

A

The Capitulum and the trochlea together

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38
Q

Describe the Shoulder joint

A
  • Ball and socket joint

* The head is much bigger than the glenoid fossa

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39
Q

What does the head being larger than the glenoid fossa allow for?

A

Way more movement than any other joint in the human body

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40
Q

What kind of movement does the shoulder joint all for?

A 
All the movement
•Flexion and extension
•Abduction and Adduction
•Lateral Rotation
•Circumduction
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41
Q

What is the Caveat to having a lot of movement in a joint?

A

Not a lot of stability causing weak joints

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42
Q

What is the actual name for the shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint

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43
Q

What kind of joint in the Glenohumeral joint?

A

A synovial ball and socket joint

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44
Q

What is the Glenohumeral joint mainly reinforced by?

A

Musculature and a little bit of ligaments. Four shoulder muscles

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45
Q

Which forearm bone is associated with the thumb?

A

The Radius

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46
Q

Which forearm bone is Lateral?

A

The radius

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47
Q

Where does the Ulna actually attach the Humerus?

A

The Trochlear Notch attaches to the Trochlea of the humerus

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48
Q

Where does the Olecranon of the Ulna articulate with?

A

The olecranon fossa of the humerus

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49
Q

Why does the Radius have a round head?

A

Because it is able to move over the ulna

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50
Q

What occurs at the Radial Tuberosity?

A

This is where the Bicep attach

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51
Q

Why can we move our wrist a lot more on the thumb side than the pinky side?

A

The styloid process of the radius is much bigger and articulates very well with the wrist vs the styloid process of the ulna is much smaller

52
Q

What is the membrane between the radius and ulna?

A

The interosseous membrane - a joint between the radius and ulna

53
Q

What is function of the interosseous membrane/joint of the radius and ulna?

A

It keeps the same equal distance between the radius and ulna

54
Q

What is the movement that the radius can make known as?

A

Supination and pronation

55
Q

How many joints is the elbow made up of?

A

2 joints

56
Q

What are the two types of joints in the elbow?

A

Hinge Joint and Pivot Joint

57
Q

What are the two of joints in the Elbow?

A
  • Joint between the humerus and the ulna

* Joint between humerus and the radius

58
Q

What are the actual points of articulation between the Ulna and the Humerus?

A

The trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the Ulna

59
Q

What type of joint is the joint between the Humerus and the Ulna?

A

Hinge Joint

60
Q

What kind of movement does the hinge joint of the radius and ulna allow for?

A

Flexion/Extension of the arm

61
Q

What are the actual parts of articulation between the Humerus and Radius?

A

Capitulum of the humerus and Radial head

62
Q

What kind of joint is the joint between the capitulum and the radial head?

A

A Pivot joint

63
Q

What movement does the Pivot joint of the humerus and radius allow for?

A

Pronation supination of the forearm

64
Q

How many carpals are in the hand?

A

8

65
Q

How many rows of Carpal bones are there?

A

2 Rows

66
Q

What is the order of the sections of the bones in the hand?

A

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

67
Q

What is the Pneumonic to remember the names of the Carpals

A

She looks too pretty try to catch her

68
Q

What is the Trapezium Carpal associated with?

A

The thumb

69
Q

What is the Trapezoid Carpal associated with?

A

The index finger

70
Q

What are all the Carpals in order?

A
  1. Scaphoid
  2. Lunate
  3. Triquetrum
  4. Pisiform
  5. Trapezium
  6. Trapezoid
  7. Capitate
  8. Hamate
71
Q

What do the Carpals articulate with?

A

The Metacarpals

72
Q

How many metacarpals are there?

A

5

73
Q

What is the number order of the Metacarpatls?

A

1 starting with the thumb

74
Q

How many Phalanges are there?

A
  1. 3 on each finger except the thumb
75
Q

What movements can the wrist perform?

A
  • Flexion and Extension

* Adduction and Abduction

76
Q

What is the Joint at the wrist called?

A

Condylar joint

77
Q

What is the Condylar Joint?

A

The wrist joint between the Radius and Scaphoid

78
Q

What is the Movement of the Condylar joint?

A

Biaxial because it can do flexion/extensions and abduction/adduction

79
Q

What type of Joints are between the Carpals?

A

Synovial plane joints

80
Q

What movement do the Joints between the Carpals allow for?

A

Slight motions

81
Q

What type of joints are between the Phalanges?

A

Synovial Hinge Joints

82
Q

What do hinge joints of the phalanges allow for?

A

Flexions and extension of the digits

83
Q

What are the joints between the metacarpals and the phalanges known as?

A

Condylar joints

84
Q

What movement do the Condylar joints of the Metacarpals and Phalanges allow for?

A
  • Flexion and extensions

* Abduction and Adduction

85
Q

What type of joint is between the Trapezium (thumb) and the first metacarpal?

A

A saddle shaped joint

86
Q

What does the Saddle shaped joint of the Trapezium and the First metacarpal allow for?

A
  • Opposition of the thumb
  • Flexion and extension
  • Adduction and abduction
87
Q

What is another name for the Pelvic bone?

A

Os Coxa

88
Q

What 3 bones fused make up the Pelvic bone?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

89
Q

What is the Hip part of the Pelvis?

A

Illium

90
Q

What is the part of the pelvis that you sit on?

A

Ischium

91
Q

Where do the Bones of the Pelvis fuse?

A

At the Acetabulum

92
Q

What occurs at the Acetabulum?

A
  • The bones of the Pelvis fuse

* The Femoral head articulates to form the hip joint

93
Q

What occurs at the Anterior Superior Iliac spine of the pelvis (ASIS)?

A

Has one of the major ligaments of the body known as the angeloid ligament

94
Q

What does the Articular Surface of the Pelvis articulate with?

A

The Sacrum

95
Q

What happens at the greater Sciatic notch of the Pelvis?

A

The Sciatic nerve exits to go into the limb

96
Q

What happens at the Pubic symphysis of the Pelvis?

A

The pubic bones articulate

97
Q

Why is the Femoral neck important?

A

It is very important and has a lot of ligaments that can attach here

98
Q

What occurs at the Intertrochanteric line?

A

A lot of butt muscles attatch

99
Q

What occurs at the Gluteal tuberosity of the Femur?

A

The glute muscle attaches here

100
Q

What occurs at the Linea Aspera of the femur?

A

Major muscle attachments

101
Q

What movement can occur at the Hip joint?

A
  • Flexion and extension
  • Abduction and Adduction
  • Internal rotation/external rotation
  • Circumduction
102
Q

Why kind of joint is the hip joint?

A
  • Ball and socket

* Synovial multiaxial

103
Q

What is the Femoral head in the Acetabulum reinforced by?

A

The iliofemoral ligament due to the high demands of the body weight

104
Q

What is the Shin bone?

A

The Tibia

105
Q

What is the Articulation of the Tibia and Femus?

A
  • The medial condyle of the tibia articulates with the medial condyle of the femur.
  • The Lateral condyle of tibia articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur
106
Q

What occurs at the Tibial tuberosity?

A

The Patellar ligament attaches here

107
Q

What are the projections of the ankle joint?

A
  • Medial Malleolus (tibia)

* Lateral Malleolus (fibula)

108
Q

What is the function of the Patella?

A

It increases leverage by making sure the muscles of the thigh, when they attach to the leg, have more surface to go through when they attach

109
Q

What is in between the two condyles in the knee?

A

The meniscus made of fibrocartilage

110
Q

What kind of Joint is the Knee Joint?

A

Modified hinge joint

111
Q

What movement is allowed for with the knee joint?

A
  • Flexion and extension of the leg

* Slight rotation

112
Q

How many Tarsals are in the foot?

A

7

113
Q

What are the section of the foot inorder?

A
  • Tarsals
  • Metatarsals
  • Phalanges
114
Q

What are the Tarsals called?

A
  1. Calcaneus
  2. Talus
  3. Navicular
  4. Cuboid
  5. Cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
115
Q

What is the Big Tarsal in the hell?

A

The Calcaneus

116
Q

Which Tarsal forms the ankle joint?

A

Talus

117
Q

Which Tarsal is associated with the big toe?

A

The Medial Cuneiform

118
Q

What is Dorsiflextion?

A

Point the tip of your foot to the sky

119
Q

What is Plantarflexion?

A

Pointing the tip of your foot to the ground

120
Q

What bones is the Ankle joint between?

A

The Tibia and the Talus

121
Q

Why type of joint is the Ankle joint and what movement does it allow for?

A
  • Hinge joint

* Plantarflexion/ Dorsiflexion

122
Q

What does the Joint between the Talus and the Navicular allow for?

A

•Inversion and Eversion of the foot

123
Q

What injury of the Talonavicular joint can occur?

A

Stretching of fibular ligaments or inversion injuries

124
Q

What movement can occur between the Tarsals?

A

Slight movement, Plane joints

125
Q

What movement can occur between the Metatarsals and Phalanges?

A
  • Flexion and Extension

* Abduction and adduction of the digits

126
Q

What movements can occur between the Phalanges?

A

Hinge Joints

•Flexion and Extension of the digits

Anat (26 decks)

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