Lecture 5: Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
What are the functional roles of the Appendicular Skeleton?
- Allow for completion of daily tasks
- Allows for adjustment in body posture
- Allows for mobility of the body
What is the Pectoral girdle made of?
The Scapula and Clavicle
What is a Girdle?
The area of the appendicular skeleton that is associated with the axial skeleton
What are the two segments of the Leg?
Tibia and Fibula
What are the two segments of the Forearm?
Ulna and Radius
What are the two ends of the Clavicle?
Acromial (lateral) End
Sternal (medial) End
What is the Sternoclavicular joint?
The joint between the sternal end of the clavicle and the sternum
What is the Acromioclavicular joint?
The joint between the Acromial end of the clavicle and the Acromion
What type of joints are the joints of the Sternum?
They are synovial joints
What is the function of the synovial joints of the clavicle?
They are mainly there to provide stability with limited (but key) movements
What are Articular discs always made out of?
Fibrocartilage
What cartilage is at the Sternoclavicular joint?
Articular cartilage and articular disc
What do two articular discs allow for?
Movement in two different planes
What kind of movement does the clavicle and sternum allow for?
It helps to elevate and depress the scapula and retraction and protraction of the scapula
What does the Scapula lie on?
The thoracic cage
What does the Scapula articulate with?
The clavicle and humerus
Where does the Scapula articulate with the Clavicle?
Acromioclavicular joint
What is the long side of the scapula?
The vertebral side
What is Coracoid process mainly associated with?
The muscles of the arm
Which part of the Scapula articulates with the humerous?
The glenoid fossa
Which part of the Humerus articulates with the shoulder?
The superior/Proximal part
Which part of the Humerus articulates at the elbow?
The inferior or distal part
What does the Humeral head articulate with?
The glenoid fossa of the Scapula
What are the bumps of the superior portion of the humerus known as?
Greater tubercle and lesser tubercle
What do the Greater and Lesser tubercles attach to and why?
They attach to muscles that stabilize the shoulder
Which tubercle of the humerus is more posterior?
The greater tubercle
What is the Intertubercular sulcus?
The groove between the two tubercles in the humerus
What will the Intertubercular Sulcus contain?
Tendons
What is the Bump on the humerus and what is its function?
The deltoid tuberosity. The attachment of the deltoid muscle
What are the functions of the Lateral and Medial Epicondyle?
Major muscle attachments to the forearm
What is the function of the Olecranon fossa of the Humerus?
The ulna has an Olecranon process that articulate in it
What are the two articulations of the elbow?
Capitulum and Trochlea
Which articulation of the elbow is Lateral?
The capitulum
Which articulation of the Elbow is Medial?
The Trochlea
What does the Capitulum articulate with?
The head of the radius
What does the Trochlea artiulate with?
The unla
What is the Condyle of the Humerus?
The Capitulum and the trochlea together
Describe the Shoulder joint
- Ball and socket joint
* The head is much bigger than the glenoid fossa
What does the head being larger than the glenoid fossa allow for?
Way more movement than any other joint in the human body
What kind of movement does the shoulder joint all for?
All the movement •Flexion and extension •Abduction and Adduction •Lateral Rotation •Circumduction
What is the Caveat to having a lot of movement in a joint?
Not a lot of stability causing weak joints
What is the actual name for the shoulder joint?
Glenohumeral joint
What kind of joint in the Glenohumeral joint?
A synovial ball and socket joint
What is the Glenohumeral joint mainly reinforced by?
Musculature and a little bit of ligaments. Four shoulder muscles
Which forearm bone is associated with the thumb?
The Radius
Which forearm bone is Lateral?
The radius
Where does the Ulna actually attach the Humerus?
The Trochlear Notch attaches to the Trochlea of the humerus
Where does the Olecranon of the Ulna articulate with?
The olecranon fossa of the humerus
Why does the Radius have a round head?
Because it is able to move over the ulna
What occurs at the Radial Tuberosity?
This is where the Bicep attach
Why can we move our wrist a lot more on the thumb side than the pinky side?
The styloid process of the radius is much bigger and articulates very well with the wrist vs the styloid process of the ulna is much smaller
What is the membrane between the radius and ulna?
The interosseous membrane - a joint between the radius and ulna
What is function of the interosseous membrane/joint of the radius and ulna?
It keeps the same equal distance between the radius and ulna
What is the movement that the radius can make known as?
Supination and pronation
How many joints is the elbow made up of?
2 joints
What are the two types of joints in the elbow?
Hinge Joint and Pivot Joint
What are the two of joints in the Elbow?
- Joint between the humerus and the ulna
* Joint between humerus and the radius
What are the actual points of articulation between the Ulna and the Humerus?
The trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the Ulna
What type of joint is the joint between the Humerus and the Ulna?
Hinge Joint
What kind of movement does the hinge joint of the radius and ulna allow for?
Flexion/Extension of the arm
What are the actual parts of articulation between the Humerus and Radius?
Capitulum of the humerus and Radial head
What kind of joint is the joint between the capitulum and the radial head?
A Pivot joint
What movement does the Pivot joint of the humerus and radius allow for?
Pronation supination of the forearm
How many carpals are in the hand?
8
How many rows of Carpal bones are there?
2 Rows
What is the order of the sections of the bones in the hand?
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
What is the Pneumonic to remember the names of the Carpals
She looks too pretty try to catch her
What is the Trapezium Carpal associated with?
The thumb
What is the Trapezoid Carpal associated with?
The index finger
What are all the Carpals in order?
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
- Trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Capitate
- Hamate
What do the Carpals articulate with?
The Metacarpals
How many metacarpals are there?
5
What is the number order of the Metacarpatls?
1 starting with the thumb
How many Phalanges are there?
- 3 on each finger except the thumb
What movements can the wrist perform?
- Flexion and Extension
* Adduction and Abduction
What is the Joint at the wrist called?
Condylar joint
What is the Condylar Joint?
The wrist joint between the Radius and Scaphoid
What is the Movement of the Condylar joint?
Biaxial because it can do flexion/extensions and abduction/adduction
What type of Joints are between the Carpals?
Synovial plane joints
What movement do the Joints between the Carpals allow for?
Slight motions
What type of joints are between the Phalanges?
Synovial Hinge Joints
What do hinge joints of the phalanges allow for?
Flexions and extension of the digits
What are the joints between the metacarpals and the phalanges known as?
Condylar joints
What movement do the Condylar joints of the Metacarpals and Phalanges allow for?
- Flexion and extensions
* Abduction and Adduction
What type of joint is between the Trapezium (thumb) and the first metacarpal?
A saddle shaped joint
What does the Saddle shaped joint of the Trapezium and the First metacarpal allow for?
- Opposition of the thumb
- Flexion and extension
- Adduction and abduction
What is another name for the Pelvic bone?
Os Coxa
What 3 bones fused make up the Pelvic bone?
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
What is the Hip part of the Pelvis?
Illium
What is the part of the pelvis that you sit on?
Ischium
Where do the Bones of the Pelvis fuse?
At the Acetabulum
What occurs at the Acetabulum?
- The bones of the Pelvis fuse
* The Femoral head articulates to form the hip joint
What occurs at the Anterior Superior Iliac spine of the pelvis (ASIS)?
Has one of the major ligaments of the body known as the angeloid ligament
What does the Articular Surface of the Pelvis articulate with?
The Sacrum
What happens at the greater Sciatic notch of the Pelvis?
The Sciatic nerve exits to go into the limb
What happens at the Pubic symphysis of the Pelvis?
The pubic bones articulate
Why is the Femoral neck important?
It is very important and has a lot of ligaments that can attach here
What occurs at the Intertrochanteric line?
A lot of butt muscles attatch
What occurs at the Gluteal tuberosity of the Femur?
The glute muscle attaches here
What occurs at the Linea Aspera of the femur?
Major muscle attachments
What movement can occur at the Hip joint?
- Flexion and extension
- Abduction and Adduction
- Internal rotation/external rotation
- Circumduction
Why kind of joint is the hip joint?
- Ball and socket
* Synovial multiaxial
What is the Femoral head in the Acetabulum reinforced by?
The iliofemoral ligament due to the high demands of the body weight
What is the Shin bone?
The Tibia
What is the Articulation of the Tibia and Femus?
- The medial condyle of the tibia articulates with the medial condyle of the femur.
- The Lateral condyle of tibia articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur
What occurs at the Tibial tuberosity?
The Patellar ligament attaches here
What are the projections of the ankle joint?
- Medial Malleolus (tibia)
* Lateral Malleolus (fibula)
What is the function of the Patella?
It increases leverage by making sure the muscles of the thigh, when they attach to the leg, have more surface to go through when they attach
What is in between the two condyles in the knee?
The meniscus made of fibrocartilage
What kind of Joint is the Knee Joint?
Modified hinge joint
What movement is allowed for with the knee joint?
- Flexion and extension of the leg
* Slight rotation
How many Tarsals are in the foot?
7
What are the section of the foot inorder?
- Tarsals
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges
What are the Tarsals called?
- Calcaneus
- Talus
- Navicular
- Cuboid
- Cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
What is the Big Tarsal in the hell?
The Calcaneus
Which Tarsal forms the ankle joint?
Talus
Which Tarsal is associated with the big toe?
The Medial Cuneiform
What is Dorsiflextion?
Point the tip of your foot to the sky
What is Plantarflexion?
Pointing the tip of your foot to the ground
What bones is the Ankle joint between?
The Tibia and the Talus
Why type of joint is the Ankle joint and what movement does it allow for?
- Hinge joint
* Plantarflexion/ Dorsiflexion
What does the Joint between the Talus and the Navicular allow for?
•Inversion and Eversion of the foot
What injury of the Talonavicular joint can occur?
Stretching of fibular ligaments or inversion injuries
What movement can occur between the Tarsals?
Slight movement, Plane joints
What movement can occur between the Metatarsals and Phalanges?
- Flexion and Extension
* Abduction and adduction of the digits
What movements can occur between the Phalanges?
Hinge Joints
•Flexion and Extension of the digits
