lecture 7 - integrative systems pt 2

Question 1

integrative function of cerebrum

Answer 1

conscious and subconscious processing

learning and memory

language

Question 2

integration

Answer 2

the processing of sensory info by analyzing and storing it to make decisions for various repsonses

Question 3

sleep

Answer 3

a state of altered consciousness or partial unconsciousness from which someone can be aroused by stimuli

Question 4

during wakefulness, the cortex is

Answer 4

cery active

Question 5

during most stages of sleep, the cortex is

Answer 5

less active

Question 6

sleep and wakefulness is controlled by

Answer 6

RAS (reticular activating system)

Question 7

when RAS is activated, what is also activated

Answer 7

teh cerebral cortex

Question 8

what can activate the RAS

Answer 8

pain, light, touch, noise, etc

not smell

Question 9

during sleep, RAS activity is

Answer 9

very low

Question 10

adenosine

Answer 10

sleep inducing NT in the brain that inhibits RAS activity

Question 11

Caffeine and theophylline (in tea)

Answer 11

bind to adenosine receptors, blocking adenosine from binding, preventing sleepiness

Question 12

normal sleep stages (2)

Answer 12

NREM - non rapid eye movement sleep

REM - rapid eye movement sleep

Question 13

What is happening during NREM

Answer 13

brain is inactive, body is active

Question 14

what is happenign during REM

Answer 14

brain is active, body is inactive

Question 15

trick to remember whether the body/brain is active/inactive during which phase of sleep

Answer 15

REM = dreams = brain must be active

Question 16

NREM stages and % of sleep

Answer 16

stage 1
- drifting off with eyes closed
stage 2
- light sleep, eyes roll side to side
stage 3
- moderate deep sleep, person is relaxed
stage 4
- deepest sleep - difficult to wake, where sleepwalking could occur

75% of sleep

Question 17

cycle of sleep time

Answer 17

90-120 mins
1,2,3,4,3,2,1,REM repeat

Question 18

REM sleep

Answer 18

where dreams occur
4-5 REM stages in 7-8 hour sleep, increasing in length

time spent in REM decreases with age

motor neurons are inhibited

BP, HR, breathing increases

Question 19

REM sleep uses more O2 and has higher neuronal activity than intense exercise (T or F)

Answer 19

true

Question 20

functions of sleep

Answer 20

brain maturation
consolidation of memories
immune system function
body repair

Question 21

coma

Answer 21

state of unconsciousness wiht little or no response from stimuli

Question 22

coma causes

Answer 22

head injury
damage to RAS
drug/alcohol overdose

Question 23

learning

Answer 23

ability to acquire new info or skills through instruction or experience

Question 24

learning is a ______ change

Answer 24

behavioural

Question 25

associative learning

Answer 25

learning based on connection between two stimuli

Question 26

non associative learning

Answer 26

learning based on repeated exposure to one stimuli

has two subcategories
- habituation and sensitization

Question 27

habituation

Answer 27

sub division of non associative learning

repeated exposure to an irrelevant stimuli causes decreased behavioural change

Question 28

sensitization

Answer 28

sub division of non associative learning

repeated exposure to harmful stimuli causes increased behavioural change

Question 29

memory

Answer 29

the process by which info acquired through learning is stored and retrieved

2 types
- declarative and procedural

Question 30

declarative memory (explicit)

Answer 30

experiences that can be verbalized

requires conscious recall, stored in cerebral cortex

eg, i was at langara on sept 20th aroudn lunch time

Question 31

procedural memory (implicit)

Answer 31

memory of motor skills, rules, procedures

no conscious recall required, stored in corpus striatum and cerebellum

ex. riding a bike

Question 32

types of memory

Answer 32

short term

long term

Question 33

short term memory + what does it involve

Answer 33

ability to recall pieces of info for seconds or minutes

involves hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, frontal lobe

Question 34

memory consolidation

Answer 34

when short term memory transforms to long

Question 35

long term memory

Answer 35

lasts from days to years

info that can be verbalized stored in C cortex

motor function info stored in corpus striatum, cerebellum, and cortex

stimulated by hippocampus

Question 36

plasticity

Answer 36

capability for change associated with learning

Question 37

plasticity involves (2)

Answer 37

changes in synaptic connections among neurons

changes in individual neurons