lecture 7 - integrative systems pt 2 Flashcards
integrative function of cerebrum
conscious and subconscious processing
learning and memory
language
integration
the processing of sensory info by analyzing and storing it to make decisions for various repsonses
sleep
a state of altered consciousness or partial unconsciousness from which someone can be aroused by stimuli
during wakefulness, the cortex is
cery active
during most stages of sleep, the cortex is
less active
sleep and wakefulness is controlled by
RAS (reticular activating system)
when RAS is activated, what is also activated
teh cerebral cortex
what can activate the RAS
pain, light, touch, noise, etc
not smell
during sleep, RAS activity is
very low
adenosine
sleep inducing NT in the brain that inhibits RAS activity
Caffeine and theophylline (in tea)
bind to adenosine receptors, blocking adenosine from binding, preventing sleepiness
normal sleep stages (2)
NREM - non rapid eye movement sleep
REM - rapid eye movement sleep
What is happening during NREM
brain is inactive, body is active
what is happenign during REM
brain is active, body is inactive
trick to remember whether the body/brain is active/inactive during which phase of sleep
REM = dreams = brain must be active
NREM stages and % of sleep
stage 1
- drifting off with eyes closed
stage 2
- light sleep, eyes roll side to side
stage 3
- moderate deep sleep, person is relaxed
stage 4
- deepest sleep - difficult to wake, where sleepwalking could occur
75% of sleep
cycle of sleep time
90-120 mins
1,2,3,4,3,2,1,REM repeat
REM sleep
where dreams occur
4-5 REM stages in 7-8 hour sleep, increasing in length
time spent in REM decreases with age
motor neurons are inhibited
BP, HR, breathing increases
REM sleep uses more O2 and has higher neuronal activity than intense exercise (T or F)
true
functions of sleep
brain maturation
consolidation of memories
immune system function
body repair
coma
state of unconsciousness wiht little or no response from stimuli
coma causes
head injury
damage to RAS
drug/alcohol overdose
learning
ability to acquire new info or skills through instruction or experience
learning is a ______ change
behavioural
associative learning
learning based on connection between two stimuli
non associative learning
learning based on repeated exposure to one stimuli
has two subcategories
- habituation and sensitization
habituation
sub division of non associative learning
repeated exposure to an irrelevant stimuli causes decreased behavioural change
sensitization
sub division of non associative learning
repeated exposure to harmful stimuli causes increased behavioural change
memory
the process by which info acquired through learning is stored and retrieved
2 types
- declarative and procedural
declarative memory (explicit)
experiences that can be verbalized
requires conscious recall, stored in cerebral cortex
eg, i was at langara on sept 20th aroudn lunch time
procedural memory (implicit)
memory of motor skills, rules, procedures
no conscious recall required, stored in corpus striatum and cerebellum
ex. riding a bike
types of memory
short term
long term
short term memory + what does it involve
ability to recall pieces of info for seconds or minutes
involves hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, frontal lobe
memory consolidation
when short term memory transforms to long
long term memory
lasts from days to years
info that can be verbalized stored in C cortex
motor function info stored in corpus striatum, cerebellum, and cortex
stimulated by hippocampus
plasticity
capability for change associated with learning
plasticity involves (2)
changes in synaptic connections among neurons
changes in individual neurons
