lab 13 minus obvious shit Flashcards
tactile sensation receptors (6)
tactile corpuscles
hair root plexuses
nonencapsulated sensory corpuscles
bulbous corpuscles
lamellar corpuscles
free nerve endings
tactiel corpuscles
aka meissner corpuscles
found in dermal papillae in hairless skin
- detect touch and low freq vibration
hair root plexuses
free nerve endings wrapped around hair follicles
detects movement that disturbs the hairs
nonencapsulated sensory corpuscles
free nerve endings contacting stratum basale, tree shaped
detect pressure and continuous touch
numerous in fingers, lips
bulbous corpuscles
encapsulated receptors deep in the dermis, ligaments, and tendons
detect stretching and pressure
lamellar corpuscles
encapsulated dendrites located in dermis and sub layer
detect high freq vibrations and steady pressure
free nerve endings
all areas
aka itch and tickle receptors
detect tickle and itch
tests to test sensations of touch
two point test
single hair test
test to test temperature
grid temp test
tests to test proprioception
circle dot test
olfactory tract
formed in olfactory bulb
olfactory bulb contains
mitral cells (2nd order neurons of olfaction)
cribriform plate
landmark/feature of ethmoid bone
contains olfactory foramina that allows passage of the olfactory nerves
nasal cavity contains
olfactory epithelium on top that covers the cribriform plate
olfactory gland and mucus function
produce mucus which moistens surface of olfactory epithelium to dissolve odourants so transduction can occur
olfactory sensory neuron part locations (axon, dendrites, cilia, odourant molecule)
neuron located in olfactory epithelium
axon - goes through foramina to bulb/mitral cells
dendrite - continues thu olf epi to surface in nasal cavity
cilia - come off of dendrite, site of transduction
odourant molecule - binds to cilia
test to test olfaction
clove oil + peppermint oil switch
lingual papillae
elevated areas of the tongue with taste buds
gustatory microvilli
a hair that projects thru the taste pore at the apical end of a every taste bud
what type of receptor are taste buds?
chemoreceptors
3 cranial nerves that transmit sensory info from taste buds to brain
vagus, glossopharyngeal, facial
why does plugging the nose affect taste?
because odourants cannot reach the olfactory epithelium as easy
lacrimal gland
secretes lacrimal fluid which drains into excretory lacrimal ducts that empty tears on the conjunctiva of the eyelid
lacrimal sac
tears go from the lacrimal canaliculi to here, then to the nasolacrimal duct
eyelid functions to
protects the eye
pupil
where light enters the eye
centre black dot
iris
coloured portion of the eye
regulates amount of light entering the eye thru the pupil by being controlled by zonular fibres
sclera
white of the eye
gives shape to eye, protects inner parts, serves as attachment site for extraocular muscles
pathway of tears
lacrimal gland
excretory lacrimal ducts
surface of eye
lacrimal canaliculi
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal duct
nasal cavity
superior rectus (action and nerve)
looking up, nerve 3
inferior rectus (action and nerve)
looking down, nerve 3
lateral rectus (action and nerve)
looking side to side (depends which eye),
nerve 6
medial rectus (action and nerve)
looking side to side, depends which eye
nerve 3
superior oblique (action and nerve)
rotational stability of eyeballs, nerve 4
inferior oblique (action and nerve)
rotational stability of eyeballs, nerve 3
ciliary body components
ciliary muscle and ciliary process
ciliary body
anterior portion of the choroid, that secretes aqueous humor
ciliary muscle
changes shape of the lends by changing the tightness of zonular fibres
ciliary process
extend off of ciliary muscle, and zonular fibres extend off of them
aqueous humor
watery liquid that nourishes the lens and cornea
anterior chamber of the eye
lies between cornea and iris, filled with aqueous humor
posterior chamber of the eye
lies behind anterior chamber, behind iris and in front of lens
cornea
coating of the iris, focuses light into the retina
lens
behind pupil and iris, helps focus images on retina to allow clear vision
zonular fibres of the lens
aka suspensory ligaments
extend from ciliary processes, and are manipulated by the ciliary muscle to change the lens shape
when ciliary muscle contracts:
the zonular fibres are looser, and the lens in wider
allows us to focus on close objects
when ciliary muscle is relaxed:
the zonular fibres are taught, and the lens is taller and narrow
allows us to focus on far objects
bulbar conjunctiva
passes form eyelids to surface of eyes, covers sclera
cause of bloodshot eyes
retina
inner layer of eyeball, beginning of visual pathway
choroid
deep to retina, vascularized, nourishes retina, produces melanin that prevents light from scattering
macula (eye)
spot on the retina directly behind the lens, contains fovea centralis
fovea centralis
small depression in macula that only contains cones
optic disc
blind spot, where optic nerve exits the eye
posterior segment
between lens and retina, filled with vitreous humor
vitreous humor function
holds the retina flush against the choroid
posterior segment vs posterior chamber of the eye
segment
- between lens and retina
- contians vitreous humor
chamber
- between iris and lens
- contians aqueous humor
myopic
near sighted
hyperopic
farsighted
snellen eye chart
part of the vision test
astigmatism
irregular curvature of the cornea or lens that makes things blurry or unfocused
intrinsic eye muscles
ciliary muscles, iris muscles
extrinsic muscles
outer eye muscles like superior rectus, etc
auricle parts
helix, lobule
helix
rim of auricle/outer ear
lobule
ear lobe
temporal bone
forms roof of external acoustic meatus
external acoustic meatus
ear canal
tympanic membrane
eardrum
vibrates against malleus
auditory ossicles
malleus, incus, stapes
auditory ossicles function
transmit and amplify vibrations from teh tympanic membrane to vestibular window
vestibular window
aka oval window
where stapes fits into the vestibule
cochlear window
aka round window
directly below oval window, enclosed by a second tympanic membrane
auditory tube
aka eustachian tube
connects tympanic cavity with nasopharynx, opens during yawning or sneezing to equalize pressure
semicircular ducts
detect rotational speed changes
located within semicircular canals, connects with utricle of the vestibule
semicircular canals
3 loop things, labeled anterior, pos, and lateral
ampulla
swollen part of semicircular canals, houses sensory epithelium called crista
detects rotational acceleration/decel
crista
located in ampulla, contains hair cells for balance, covered by cupula
internal auditory canal
where the vestibulocochlear canal enters/exits the ear
cochlea
snail thing
contains cochlear duct, scala vestibuli and scala tympani
cochlear duct
aka scala media
located in cochlea, contains endolymph
scala vestibuli
channel below cochlear duct (if looking from the non nerve side)
filled with perilymph
scala tympani
channel above cochlear duct (if looking from non nerve side)
vestibular membrane
seperates cochlear duct from scala vestibuli
basilar membrane
separates cochlear duct from scala tympani
spiral organ
located inside cochlear duct
contains receptors for hearing (16k hair cells)
tectorial membrane
covers hair cells of spiral organ in cochlear duct
vestibule
oval portion of bony labyrinth, behind oval windowu
utricle
fat side of ampulla, connects to saccules by small duct
helps with balance, orolithic organ
saccule
orolithic organ
responds to movement in vertical plane
macula (ear)
in saccule and utricle
thickened regions in them
detects speed of head tilt
oroliths
dense layer of CO3 crystals that cover the orolithic membranet
otoscope
ear looking thing
test that tested hearing
auditory localization test
