lab 16

Question 1

what do kidneys produce (1 enzyme, 2 hormones)

Answer 1

renin

erythropoietin, calcitriol

Question 2

fibrous capsule

Answer 2

deepest layer of the kidney coating make of collagen CT

Question 3

renal papilla

Answer 3

kidney apex

Question 4

first step of urine formation

Answer 4

glomerular filtration

Question 5

second and third steps of urine formation

Answer 5

tubular secretion and reabsorption

Question 6

collecting ducts unite to form

Answer 6

papillary ducts

Question 7

where to papillary ducts drain

Answer 7

minor calyces

Question 8

efferent arterioles divide to form

Answer 8

peritubular caps or vasa recta

Question 9

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 9

jux cells and macula densa

Question 10

macula densa function

Answer 10

monitor blood Na, CL, and water

Question 11

kidney slides

Answer 11

zoomed in:
- circle (glomerulus)
- coiled

not zoomed in:
- look for a mess of what looks like a bunch of nuclei - these are renal corpuscles

Question 12

ureter slide

Answer 12

flower shaped lumen, transitional epi but hard to tell

Question 13

bladder slide

Answer 13

transitional epithelium

looks like bacon when zoomed out

Question 14

which filter layer keeps big porteins in the plasma

Answer 14

basement membrane

Question 15

which filter layer keeps albumin in the plasma

Answer 15

slit membrane

Question 16

which filter layer keeps blood cells in the plasma

Answer 16

endothelial cells

Question 17

filtration experiment, waht did each thing represent

Answer 17

peas - RBCs/platelets
metal screen - endothelial cells
large charcoal - large proteins
black screen - basement membrane
powdered coal - small proteins
filter paper - slit membrane
glucose/H2o/NaCl - themselves

Question 18

angiotensin 2 effects(3)

Answer 18

vasoconstriction of aff arterioles

PCT to reabsorb more Na and Cl/secrete more K, leads to water reabsorption

stimulates aldosterone release, causing sodium and Cl reabsorption/K secretion

Question 19

ADH target tissues

Answer 19

kidneys - reabosrb more water
sweat glands - decrease secretions
smooth muscle in arterioles - contract to cause increase in BP

Question 20

mucus membrane of ureters is made of

Answer 20

urothelium with goblet cells

Question 21

mucosal folds of the bladder function

Answer 21

allow for expansion

Question 22

trigone

Answer 22

triangular floor or bladder containing ureteral openings nad internal urethral orifice

Question 23

external urethral orifice epi

Answer 23

non K strat Sq

Question 24

characateristics of normal urine

Answer 24

vol - 1-2 L /day
colour - pale yellow to deep amber
turbidity - transparent, increases over time
odour - aromatic when fresh, ammonia like wiht time
pH - avg 6
specific gravity - 1.001-1.035

Question 25

normal chemicals constituents of urine

Answer 25

water, urea, creatinine, uric acid, electorlytes

Question 26

abnormal constituents of urine

Answer 26

albumun, glucose, RBCS, bilirubin,

Question 27

specific gravity

Answer 27

ratio of weight of a volume of substance to an equal vol of distilled water

Question 28

urinometers

Answer 28

used to determine specific gravity

Question 29

urinalysis

Answer 29

test to detemrind if urine formation is normla or abnomral

Question 30

hemodialysis

Answer 30

blood cleaning procedure