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BIOL 1191 > lab 17 > Flashcards

lab 17 Flashcards

1
Q

similariteis between M and F genitals

A

body produce mature gametes
both store, nourish, and transport gametes
both produce hormones essential to development

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2
Q

male genital system

A

testes
accessory glands
scrotum
penis

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3
Q

ducts of testes

A

epididymis
ductus deferens
ejactulatory duct

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4
Q

accessory sex glands male

A

seminal glands, prostate, bulbourethral glands

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5
Q

seminiferous tubules produce:

A

sperm and inhibin

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6
Q

interstitial endocrine cells produce

A

testosterone

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7
Q

secondary male sex characteristics

A

lowered voice
body hair
broadening of shoulders/chest
adams apple

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8
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

involved directly in reproduction

eg testes or ovaries

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9
Q

secondary sex characteristicsq

A

come with puberty

eg lowered voice in male or widening of hips in female

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10
Q

epididymis is the site of

A

sperm storage and maturation

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11
Q

peristalsis moves sperm from epidid to ___

A

ductus deferens

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12
Q

seminal glands

A

contribute a bunch of substances to semen, whihc they release into ejac ducts

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13
Q

3 things produced by the seminal glands

A

alkaline fluid
fructose
prostaglandins

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14
Q

alkaline fluid from the seminal glands function

A

neutralizes acidic environment of genital tract

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15
Q

fructose from seminal gland functin

A

used in ATP production for sperm

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16
Q

prostaglandins from seminal glands function

A

aid in sperm motility and viability

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17
Q

prostate gland

A

donut shaped gland that surrounds superior portion of urethra

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18
Q

prostate gland function

A

secretes substances into urethra that aid in sperm motility and viability

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19
Q

2 substances secreted by prostate gland

A

citric acid
proteolytic enzymes

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20
Q

citric acid from prostate function

A

ATP production of sperm

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21
Q

proteolytic enzymes from prostate function

A

breakdown of clotting proteins

eg. lysozyme

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22
Q

bulbourethral glands

A

inferior to prostate, empty in urethra

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23
Q

bulbourethral glands secrete (2)

A

alkaline fluid
mucus

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24
Q

alkaline fluid from bulbourethral glands function

A

protects sperm from acidic environmentm

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25
Q

mucus from BU glands function

A

lubricate end of penis, decreasing sperm damage

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26
Q

scrotum

A

supporting structure of tests, regulates temp
contains cremaster muscle

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27
Q

cremaster muscle

A

in teh scrotum, regulated by temp

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28
Q

epididymis

A

sperm maturatio and propels sperm into ductus deferens

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29
Q

urethra sections in males

A

prostatic - changes after prostate
membranous - goes to corpus spongeosum
spongy - to end

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30
Q

penis parts

A

corpus spongiosum penis
corpora cavernosa penis
external urethral orifice
glans penis
prepuce

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31
Q

corpus spongiosum

A

contains spongy urethra, keeps urethra opne during ejac

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32
Q

corpora cavernosa

A

2 dorsilateral masses that fill with blood during arousal

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33
Q

glans penis

A

protects urethra, large role in plessure

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34
Q

prepuce

A

protection and lubrication

foreskin

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35
Q

female genital system parts (6)

A

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia (vulva), mammary glands

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36
Q

primordial follicle slide

A

small af, harder to see
know it by knowing that primary follicle looks symetricel and all

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37
Q

primary follicel

A

second one in the diagram

generally symetrical

38
Q

secondary follicel

A

4th in diagram
has large space on one side of egg

39
Q

after puberty, ovaries porduce

A

secondary oocytes

40
Q

hormones porduced by ovaries

A

estrogen, progesterone, inhibin, relaxin

41
Q

infundibulum

A

distal end of fallopian tubes

42
Q

fimbriae

A

fingerlike projections near ovary of uterian tubes

43
Q

mucosal lining of uterus epi
in tube/uterus

A

simple ciliated columnar epi in tube
- fuunctiosn to move oocyte along tube

non ciliated simple columnar
- functiosn to nourish ovum

44
Q

what holds uterus in place

A

broad and round ligaments

45
Q

layers of the uterus

A

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

superficial to deep

46
Q

perimetrium forms

A

forms broad ligament

47
Q

myometrium

A

circular, long, and oblique muscel layers

48
Q

endometrium+ its layers

A

divided into 2 layers:

stratum functionalis and stratum basalis

functional layer
- line cavtiy adn is shed monthly

basal layer
- replaces functional layer monthly

49
Q

vagina muscular layer

A

longitudinal and circular

50
Q

vagina epithelium

A

mucosal layer is non K strat sq

51
Q

vulva parts

A

mons pubis
labia majora and minora
clitoris
vestibule

52
Q

mammary glands

A

modified sudoriferous glands

synthesize secrete and eject milk

53
Q

mons pubis

A

elevation of adipose tissue that cushions the pubic bone

part of vulva

54
Q

labia majora and minora

A

majora
- hair, outer fold of skin

minor
- no hair, inner fold

55
Q

clitoris

A

location of anterior meeting point of labia minora

56
Q

tetrad

A

when two homologous chromosomes made of two sister chromatids pair up to undergo recombination

57
Q

prophase 1

A

tetrad froms
recombination occurs

58
Q

metaphase 1

A

tetrads line up at metaphase plate

59
Q

anaphase 1

A

tetrads separate, with one of each homologous pair moving to either side, increasing chance of genetic diversity

60
Q

telophase 1

A

2 cells are formed

61
Q

prophase 2

A

chromosomes condense, do not copy again

62
Q

end result of meiosis

A

4 haploid cells non identical

63
Q

spermatogenesis

A

formation of haploid sperm by meiosis

64
Q

spermatogonia

A

immature sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules

stem cells

65
Q

spermatogonia are

A

diploid cells, precursor cells for all sperm a man will produce

66
Q

primary spermatocytes

A

formed when a spermatogonia undergoes mitosis

diploid cell results

67
Q

spermatids

A

when secondary spermocytes undergo meiosis 2

haploid cells

spermatids will develop heads and tails in a porcess called spermiogenesis and become sperm

68
Q

spermiogenesis

A

when spermatids develop into sperm

69
Q

oogenesis

A

formation of haploid ovum by meiosis

70
Q

oogonium

A

precursor cells for oogenesis

71
Q

primary oocytes

A

formed in fetal development

formed when oogonium undergo mitosis

72
Q

oocytes in fetal development will begin

A

will begin meiosis 1, but process is stopped until puberty

73
Q

primary oocytes are (2n/n)

A

2n

74
Q

primary oocytes complete meiosis 1 to form

A

polar body and a secondary oocyte

75
Q

when does a secondary oocyte complete meiosis 2

A

at the time of fertilization

76
Q

products of oocyte meiosis 2

A

second polar body and ovum

77
Q

what happens when nuclei of sperm and ovum unite

A

they form a zygote (2n)

78
Q

autosomes

A

chromosomes that carries non sex determining material

79
Q

female chromosomes

A

XX

80
Q

male chromosomes

A

XY

81
Q

karyotype

A

analysis of an individuals chromosomes

82
Q

structural abnormalities in karyotypes

A

where the number of chromosomes remains unchanged

83
Q

numerical abnormalities in karyotypes

A

number of chromosomes is off

84
Q

trisomy

A

3 chromosomes

85
Q

monosomy

A

1 chromosome

86
Q

trisomy 21

A

down syndrome

87
Q

synapsis

A

when a tetrad forms

88
Q

homologous vs sister chromatids

A

homo
- non identicle

sister
- identical

89
Q

in an exam if there was 3 chromosomes in C23 (XXY) what would you write down

A

extra sex chromosome

we dont know whihc one, because it could be x or y that is extra

90
Q

in exam, if 3 chromos on C18 what would you say

A

trisomy 18

BIOL 1191 (30 decks)

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