lab 17 Flashcards
similariteis between M and F genitals
body produce mature gametes
both store, nourish, and transport gametes
both produce hormones essential to development
male genital system
testes
accessory glands
scrotum
penis
ducts of testes
epididymis
ductus deferens
ejactulatory duct
accessory sex glands male
seminal glands, prostate, bulbourethral glands
seminiferous tubules produce:
sperm and inhibin
interstitial endocrine cells produce
testosterone
secondary male sex characteristics
lowered voice
body hair
broadening of shoulders/chest
adams apple
primary sex characteristics
involved directly in reproduction
eg testes or ovaries
secondary sex characteristicsq
come with puberty
eg lowered voice in male or widening of hips in female
epididymis is the site of
sperm storage and maturation
peristalsis moves sperm from epidid to ___
ductus deferens
seminal glands
contribute a bunch of substances to semen, whihc they release into ejac ducts
3 things produced by the seminal glands
alkaline fluid
fructose
prostaglandins
alkaline fluid from the seminal glands function
neutralizes acidic environment of genital tract
fructose from seminal gland functin
used in ATP production for sperm
prostaglandins from seminal glands function
aid in sperm motility and viability
prostate gland
donut shaped gland that surrounds superior portion of urethra
prostate gland function
secretes substances into urethra that aid in sperm motility and viability
2 substances secreted by prostate gland
citric acid
proteolytic enzymes
citric acid from prostate function
ATP production of sperm
proteolytic enzymes from prostate function
breakdown of clotting proteins
eg. lysozyme
bulbourethral glands
inferior to prostate, empty in urethra
bulbourethral glands secrete (2)
alkaline fluid
mucus
alkaline fluid from bulbourethral glands function
protects sperm from acidic environmentm
mucus from BU glands function
lubricate end of penis, decreasing sperm damage
scrotum
supporting structure of tests, regulates temp
contains cremaster muscle
cremaster muscle
in teh scrotum, regulated by temp
epididymis
sperm maturatio and propels sperm into ductus deferens
urethra sections in males
prostatic - changes after prostate
membranous - goes to corpus spongeosum
spongy - to end
penis parts
corpus spongiosum penis
corpora cavernosa penis
external urethral orifice
glans penis
prepuce
corpus spongiosum
contains spongy urethra, keeps urethra opne during ejac
corpora cavernosa
2 dorsilateral masses that fill with blood during arousal
glans penis
protects urethra, large role in plessure
prepuce
protection and lubrication
foreskin
female genital system parts (6)
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia (vulva), mammary glands
primordial follicle slide
small af, harder to see
know it by knowing that primary follicle looks symetricel and all
primary follicel
second one in the diagram
generally symetrical
secondary follicel
4th in diagram
has large space on one side of egg
after puberty, ovaries porduce
secondary oocytes
hormones porduced by ovaries
estrogen, progesterone, inhibin, relaxin
infundibulum
distal end of fallopian tubes
fimbriae
fingerlike projections near ovary of uterian tubes
mucosal lining of uterus epi
in tube/uterus
simple ciliated columnar epi in tube
- fuunctiosn to move oocyte along tube
non ciliated simple columnar
- functiosn to nourish ovum
what holds uterus in place
broad and round ligaments
layers of the uterus
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
superficial to deep
perimetrium forms
forms broad ligament
myometrium
circular, long, and oblique muscel layers
endometrium+ its layers
divided into 2 layers:
stratum functionalis and stratum basalis
functional layer
- line cavtiy adn is shed monthly
basal layer
- replaces functional layer monthly
vagina muscular layer
longitudinal and circular
vagina epithelium
mucosal layer is non K strat sq
vulva parts
mons pubis
labia majora and minora
clitoris
vestibule
mammary glands
modified sudoriferous glands
synthesize secrete and eject milk
mons pubis
elevation of adipose tissue that cushions the pubic bone
part of vulva
labia majora and minora
majora
- hair, outer fold of skin
minor
- no hair, inner fold
clitoris
location of anterior meeting point of labia minora
tetrad
when two homologous chromosomes made of two sister chromatids pair up to undergo recombination
prophase 1
tetrad froms
recombination occurs
metaphase 1
tetrads line up at metaphase plate
anaphase 1
tetrads separate, with one of each homologous pair moving to either side, increasing chance of genetic diversity
telophase 1
2 cells are formed
prophase 2
chromosomes condense, do not copy again
end result of meiosis
4 haploid cells non identical
spermatogenesis
formation of haploid sperm by meiosis
spermatogonia
immature sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules
stem cells
spermatogonia are
diploid cells, precursor cells for all sperm a man will produce
primary spermatocytes
formed when a spermatogonia undergoes mitosis
diploid cell results
spermatids
when secondary spermocytes undergo meiosis 2
haploid cells
spermatids will develop heads and tails in a porcess called spermiogenesis and become sperm
spermiogenesis
when spermatids develop into sperm
oogenesis
formation of haploid ovum by meiosis
oogonium
precursor cells for oogenesis
primary oocytes
formed in fetal development
formed when oogonium undergo mitosis
oocytes in fetal development will begin
will begin meiosis 1, but process is stopped until puberty
primary oocytes are (2n/n)
2n
primary oocytes complete meiosis 1 to form
polar body and a secondary oocyte
when does a secondary oocyte complete meiosis 2
at the time of fertilization
products of oocyte meiosis 2
second polar body and ovum
what happens when nuclei of sperm and ovum unite
they form a zygote (2n)
autosomes
chromosomes that carries non sex determining material
female chromosomes
XX
male chromosomes
XY
karyotype
analysis of an individuals chromosomes
structural abnormalities in karyotypes
where the number of chromosomes remains unchanged
numerical abnormalities in karyotypes
number of chromosomes is off
trisomy
3 chromosomes
monosomy
1 chromosome
trisomy 21
down syndrome
synapsis
when a tetrad forms
homologous vs sister chromatids
homo
- non identicle
sister
- identical
in an exam if there was 3 chromosomes in C23 (XXY) what would you write down
extra sex chromosome
we dont know whihc one, because it could be x or y that is extra
in exam, if 3 chromos on C18 what would you say
trisomy 18
