Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 1191 > lecture 15 - digestion > Flashcards

lecture 15 - digestion Flashcards

1
Q

serosa of the stomach forms:

A

part of the peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what promotes peristaltic movements

A

enteric reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

distention of the duodenum inhibits

A

gastric motility

this reduces teh rate of chyme expulsion from stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

enterogastric reflex

A

prevents too much chyme from entering SI

rate of HCL is reduced and chyme digestion is increased

involved sympathetic motor impulses to inhibit gastric motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

all blood leaves liver in the

A

hepatic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

functions of the small intestine

A

digestion adn abdorption of nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

length of SI

A

6.5m 2.5cm in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 sections of SI

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

digestion and absorption is facilitated by

A

large SA of the SI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

circular folds of the SI

A

cannot strethc like rugae of stomach

folds of the mucosa and submucosa

increases SA, causes chyme to spiral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

intestinal villi of the SI

A

finger like projections of the mucosas circular folds

lamina propria contains capillaries for them

covered in simple columnar epi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

microvilli of the SI

A

finger like projections of the intestinal villis absorptive cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mucosa of the SI

A

simple columnar epi

contains muscularis mucosae

has goblet cells and absorptive cells

contains enteroendocrine cells like
- S cells - secretin
- CCK cells - cholecsystokinin
- K cells - glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide

has paneth cells that secrete lysozyme and are phagocytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what cells of the SI’s mucosa secrete lysozyme

A

paneth cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lamina propria of the ileum contains:

A

mucosa assocaited lymphoid tissue (MALT)

  • immune function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

submucosa of duodenum contains:

A

duodenal glands that secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize gastric juices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

muscular layer of the SI layers

A

outer longitudinal
inner circular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

serosa of the SI forms:

A

part of the visceral peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

intestinal juice

A

alkaline substance made of water, mucus, and bicarbonate

functions to provide liquid medium to aid in absorption

contains enzymes for digestion

pH = 6-7.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

carb digesting enzymes in intestinal juice

A

maltase, lactase, sucrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

protein digesting enzymes in intestinal juice

A

dipeptidase, aminopeptidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

nucleic acid digesting enzymes in intestinal juice

A

phosphatase, nucleosidases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does the enterogastric reflex do (3)

A

stops too much chyme from entering SI

limits intestineal damage from acid

increases digestion time of chyme in stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

segmentation

A

major movement type in SI

NO net movement of chyme

localized contraction in areas containing chyme ot mix and absorb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

migrating motility complex

A

peristaltic movement stimulated by decreased distension

occurs after msot nutrient are absrobed

propels undigested onward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

two movement types regulated by the myenteric plexus of the SI

A

segmentation
migrating motility complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

chyme entering teh SI contains:

A

partially digested carbs/ fats/proteins/nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

complete chemical digestion requires: (4)

A

pancreatic juice
bile
intestinal juice
microvillous border enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

overview of digestion of carbs in the body

A

salivary amylase in mouth breaks down polysaccharides to disacharides and oligosaccharides (glycogen/starch/etc)

pancreatic amylase in duodenum breaks down glycogen and starch to smaller oligosaccharides

microvillous border enzymes like maltase, sucrase, and lactase act on oligosaccharides ot produce monosaccharides like glucose and fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

lactose intolerance is caused by

A

no lactase enzyme

this causes lactose to not be broken down, which allows bacteria to ferment the sugars, causing gas and diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

overview of protein digestion

A

HCI in stomach denatures proteins, which pepsin hydrolyzes peptide bonds

digestive enzymes like trypsin from the pancreas split peptide bonds to create shorter peptide chains

microvillous border enzymes like dipeptidase break down peptides to single amino acids

32
Q

overview of digestion of lipids

A

lingual lipase in the mouth breaks down triglycerides to fatty acids and monoglycerides

lingual and gastric lipase continue digestion of triglycerides to fatty acids and monoglycerides in the stomach

bile emulsifies triglyceride globules in the SI. here, pancreatic lipase splits triglycerides into fatty acids more

short and long chain fatty acids +monoglycerides are then absorbed

33
Q

most lipid digestion occurs;

A

in the SI

this is due to pancreatic lipase, and bile

34
Q

microvillous enzymes breakdown everything excpet:

A

triglycerides (lipids)

35
Q

bile salts are (relation to water)

A

amphipathic

36
Q

overview of nucleic acid digestion

A

pancreatic juice contains
- ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease which digest their counterparts

nucleotides are further digested by microvillous border enzymes like nucleosidases and phophatases that digest nucleotides into pentose sugars, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases

37
Q

carbs are absorbed as

A

monosaccharides

38
Q

proteins are abrsorbed as

A

amino acids

39
Q

absorptive epithelia cells role

A

control absorption

40
Q

how is glucose and galactose absorbed

A

via secondary active transport with Na

41
Q

how is fructose abso

A

via facilitated diffusion

41
Q

how are amino acids absorbed

A

via active transport

42
Q

how are di and tri peptides absorbed

A

via secondary active transport

43
Q

how are short chain fatty acids absrobed

A

via simple diffusion

44
Q

micelles

A

shrot chain fatty acids coated in bile salts

45
Q

once in absorptive cells, what do fatty acid chains do?

A

recombine to triglycerides and together with phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins, they form chylomicrons

46
Q

chylomicrons (what are thye, where do they go)

A

absorbed fatty acids that have been recombined

exit intestinal cells via exocytosis into. lymphatic capillaries

47
Q

where do chylomicrons travel

A

in lympahtic system

48
Q

enterohepatic circulation

A

bile salt is secreted by hepatocytes, released in duodenum, reabsorbed by the ileum, and resecreted into bile

49
Q

absorption of Na

A

via diffusion and secondary active transport

50
Q

absorption of water by SI and LI

A

SI - 8L

LI - 90% of the last L

absorption is by osmosis

51
Q

alcohol absorption

A

metabolized in stomach byb alchohol dehydrogenase

absorbed in stomach and small I

metabolized in liver

52
Q

large intestine functions

A

completion of absorption of water/ions/vitamins

formation of feces

53
Q

3 sections of LI

A

cecum, colon, rectum

54
Q

LI length

A

1.5m 6.5cm wide

55
Q

mucosa of the LI

A

has no villi or folds

intestinal glands are lined with simple columnar epi

lamina propria contains lympahtic nodules

contains muscularis mucosae

56
Q

large intestine cells in mucosa

A

absorptive cells - for water
gobelt cells - mucus secretion

57
Q

LI submucosa made of

A

areolar CT

58
Q

muscular layer of LI

A

contains external longitudial and inner circular muscle layers

59
Q

teniae coli

A

formed by thickened portions of longitudinal muscle in the LI

60
Q

haustra

A

folds that give teh LI a pouch like appearance

caused by contractions

61
Q

cecum

A

bottom of the opening to LI

62
Q

gastroileal reflex

A

intensified peristalsis in ileum immerdiately after a meal

trigger when stomach distended

migrating motility complex intensifies and chym is forced into the LI

63
Q

haustral churning

A

when chyme is mixed and porpelled in the LI

ileocecal valve is closed

64
Q

gastrocolic reflex

A

initiated. by food entering stomach

increased colon motility

65
Q

mass peristalsis

A

strong peristaltic waves that push contents of LI to rectum

66
Q

what enzymes are secreted in the LI

A

none

67
Q

bacterial fermentation in the LI

A

undigested carbs = release of hydrogen, CO2, and methane gas

breakdown of undigested protein to amino acids, breakdown of amino acids to things like hydrogen sulphide

breakdown of bilirubin that makes feces brown due to released pigments

68
Q

what vitamins do bacteria produce that are absorbed in the colon

A

B and K

69
Q

feces

A

dead epi cells, undigested food, and bacteria

70
Q

defecation

A

elemination of feces from the recetum

71
Q

defecation reflex is controlled by

A

the ANS

mass peristalsis fills rectum, stretching of rectum walls triggers this reflex

72
Q

how is defecation sensed

A

mechanoreceptors send impulse to cord, motor impulses from cord travl through PSNS nerves to rectum/anus.

contraction of longitudinal muscle forces feces into anal canal

relaxation of internal sphincter allows feces to more to external sphincter

voluntary relaxation of external anal sphincter completes defecatio

73
Q

diarrhea

A

increase in freq, vol, and fluid content of feces

caused by increase motility of intestines, decreased absorption

74
Q

constipation

A

infrequent of difficult defecation

caused by decreased motility of intestines, and excessive water reabsorption

treat with fibre, water, and exercise

BIOL 1191 (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions