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BIOL 1191 > lab 18 > Flashcards

lab 18 Flashcards

1
Q

uterine cycle

A

series of canges that occur in the endometrium of a non pregnant female

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2
Q

ovarian cycle

A

monthly series of events associated with formation and release of teh female gamete

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3
Q

FSH stimulates (F)

A

development of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogens by the follicles

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4
Q

LH stimulates (F)

A

further development of ovarian follicles, ovulation, progesterone production by corpus luteum

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5
Q

FSH in males

A

sperm production

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6
Q

LH in males

A

test production

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7
Q

estrogens 5 main functions

A
  • promote development of female organs and secondary sex characteristics
  • control fluid and electrolyte balance
  • increase protein anabolism
  • believed to contribute to sex drive
  • inhibit FSH
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8
Q

progesterone functions (2)

A

prepare endometrium for implantation and prepare breast for milk secretion

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9
Q

avg range of cycle length

A

24-35 days avg 28

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10
Q

4 phases of ovarian cycle

A

menstrual phase
pre ovulatory phase
ovulation
post ovulatory phase

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11
Q

menstrual phase (uterine and ovulatory cycles)

A

phase 1

uterine:
periodic discharge of blood/tissue/mucus/epi cells from endometrium of uterus

lasts about 5 days

ovulatory:
- lots of primary follicles begin to develop into secondary follicles
- only one will attain maturity

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12
Q

granulosa cells of secondary ovarian follicles secrete

A

follicular fluid

along will some hormones (estrogen\inhibin)

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13
Q

antrum

A

where follicular fluid accumulates

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14
Q

when the first meiotic division is complete, what results

A

a secondary oocyte in the secondary follicle + polar body

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15
Q

pre ovulatory phase

A

phase 2

6-13

secondary follicle matures into tertiary (mature) ovarian follicle

estrogen production by granulosa cells is increased

also reffered to as porliferative phase bcecause endometrial cells return / follicular phase becuase of increasing estrogens

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16
Q

ovulation phase

A

phase 3

rupture of mature follicle and release of ovuminto the pelvic cavity happens on day 14

just before, estrogen inhibits FSH secretion, while LH is greatly increased

high LH + high Est + low FSH = ovulation

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17
Q

post ovulatory phase

A

phase 4

day 15-28

luteal phase of ovarian cycle
secretory phase of the uterian cycle

FSH secretion increases, LH decreases

porgesterone dominant stage

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18
Q

luteal phase

A

ovarian cycle part of post ovulatory phase (4)

mature follicle collapses, blood within it forms a clot

LH stimulates ruptured folicle to become corpus luteum
- produced estro/progest which make changes in endometrium

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19
Q

secretory phase

A

uterine cycle part of post ovulatory phase

prepares endometrium for implantation of blastocyst
- filling of endometrial glands
- vascularization of endometrium
- thickening

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20
Q

if fertilization and implantation do not occur, corpus luteum …

A

corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans. without its hormones, teh cycle continues as FSH comes back

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21
Q

if fertilization and implantation do occur, corpus luteum…

A

is kept going by human chorionic gonadotropin produced by chorion of embryo.

estrogen/progest secreted by corpus luteum maintain endometrial lining, preventing menstruation

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22
Q

menarche

A

first uterine cycle

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23
Q

menopause

A

last uterine cycle

usually between 45-50 years old

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24
Q

ovarian cycle compared to whole cycle

A

follicular phase
- lasts menstrual and preov phase

ovulation
- during ovulatory phase

luteal phase
- during post ov phase

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25
Q

uterine cycle compaired to whole cycle

A

mentrual phase
- during menstrual phase

proliferative phase
- during preov phase

Nothing during ov phase

secretory phase
- during post ov

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26
Q

menstuatung uterus slide

A

fucking tidal wave

looks like a nuclear bomb cloud or the famous japanese wave painint

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27
Q

non menstruating uterus slide

A

looks like corn rows

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28
Q

progesterone target tissues

A

mammary glands

endometrium

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29
Q

pregnancy

A

sequence of events including fertilization implantation embryonic growth and fetal growth

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30
Q

fertilization is

A

usually within 24 hours of ovulation

31
Q

capacitation

A

process where sperm beat tails and head can respond to chemicals released by the oocyte

32
Q

what must a sperm pass thru to get to teh egg

A

corona radiata and zona pellucida

33
Q

acrosome

A

covering of sperm head

contains enzymes like acrosin that will digest the membrane of the oocyte

34
Q

once fertilization occurs:

A

a fertilization membrane forms around oocyte

flagellum is shed

oocyte completes meiosis 2

nuclei of ovum and sperm form a zygote

35
Q

after fertilization, :

A

rapid cell division by mitosis occurs

36
Q

cleavage

A

early division of teh zygote

37
Q

blastomeres

A

smaller cells in the zygote

38
Q

morula

A

a solid mass of cells produced by a cleavage

only slightly larger than og zygote

39
Q

blastocyst

A

hollow ball of cells (after cleavage and morula)

has 2 layers
- trophoblast - outer layer
- embryoblast - inner mass of cells (clump on the wall)
- hollow space - blastocyst cavity

40
Q

implantation

A

attachment of blastocyst to endometrium

6-8 days after fert

endometrium is currently in post ov phase

41
Q

embryoblast after implantation differentiates into (3)

A

embryoblast beings to differentiate and forms 3 germ layers

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

42
Q

3 germ layers formed by the embryoblast

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

43
Q

ectoderm produces

A

all nervous tissue
epidermis of skin

lots of superficial things like hair, nails, cornea, etc

44
Q

mesoderm produces

A

all skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue
cartilage
bone
blood
dermis
kidneys

45
Q

endoderm produces

A

basically the epithelium of everything
gametes

46
Q

trophoblast develops into

A

part of placenta

47
Q

embryonic period

A

first 8 weeks of development

developing human is called an embryo

after second month, it is called a fetus

48
Q

extraembryonic membranes function

A

4 of these form in teh embryonic period

lie outside embryo and protext/nourish teh fetus

49
Q

what does the embryoblast develop into

A

3/4 embryonic membrane

umbilical vesicle (yolk sac)
amnion
allantois

50
Q

what does the trophoblast develop into

A

1/4 embryonic membranes

chorion

51
Q

umbilical vesicle (yolk sac)

A

endoderm lined membrane that nourishes embryo during week 2-3, becomes part of digestive canal eventually

52
Q

4 functiosn of umbilical vesicle

A

supply nutrients to embryo
forms part of digestive canal
functions as a shock absorber
prevents drying out of embryo

53
Q

amniotic fluid make up

A

maternal blood early on

later, fetal urine

54
Q

amniotic fluid function

A

shock absorber
regulates temp

55
Q

chorion eventually forms:

A

connecting stalk that forms umbilical cord

56
Q

how does the chorion protect the embryo and fetus from the mothers immune response

A

placental barrier prevents many harmful substances from reaching the fetus

57
Q

choronic villi

A

contain fetal blood vessels and continue growing until they are bathed in maternal blood in the endometrium.

in other words, this makes sure the two blood dont mix, only come close together to nutrients can be transported across

58
Q

allantois

A

small vascularized pouch thing that forms in the wall of the umbilical vesicle

functions in early formation of blood and vessels

59
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin

A

maintians activity of corpus luteum, especially porgesterone, which is needed to keep the embryo attached to the endometrium

serves as a base for a lot of pregnancy tests

60
Q

NOTE: placenta provides hormones after normal ovarian cycle ones are not sufficient in later stages of pregnancy (3 months +)

A

:D

61
Q

when does hCG secretion cut back

A

once placenta is fully formed around month 4

62
Q

gestation

A

teh time that the embryo is carried in the uterus

63
Q

parturtion

A

another term for labor

64
Q

true labor

A

recognizable by shortening intervals between contractions

65
Q

false labor

A

recognizable by irregular contraction intervals

66
Q

3 stages of labor

A

dilation
expulsion
placental stage

67
Q

dilation stage of labor

A

amnionic sac rupture, dilation of cervix,

68
Q

expulsion stage of labor

A

the time between cervix dilation and expulsion of the baby

69
Q

placental stage of labor

A

tiem after deliver until placenta is expelled

70
Q

colostrum

A

secreted by mammary glands in place of milk for the first few days after delivery when milk is not yet being produced

still waiting for porgesterone effects to wear off so prolactin can stimulate milk porduction

71
Q

active mammary gland slide

A

shrivled up ass things

big pale pink background with lil squiggles in one portion

72
Q

inactive mammary gland slide

A

definitely looks like something that would produce milk

bulbous, full, and padding like

73
Q

where is human chorionic gonadotropin secreted from

A

chorion of placenta

by placental trophoblastic cells

BIOL 1191 (30 decks)

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