lab 12 minus obvious shit Flashcards
dura mater differences in cord vs brain
cord
- one layer
Brain
- two layers (parietal and meningeal)
- fused, but split to enclose venous sinuses
- has extensions that separate major brain structures (falx _____)
- no epidural space in brain
venous sinuses drain blood into
internal jugular veins
where does the falx cerebri attach
the crista Galli of the ethmoid
arachnoid granulations
penetrate dura mater into venous sinuses, absorb CSF into blood
subarachnoid space
filled with CSF
fissures
deep grooves in the brain
sulci
shallow fissures in the brain
gyrus
bulge on either side of sulci
frontal lobe houses
primary motor cortex, brocas area, orbitofrontal cortex, prefrontal cortex
parieteal lobe houses
primary somatosensory cortex, wernickes area
occipital lobe houses
visual association area
central cerebral sulcus
splits frontal and parietal lobes
lateral cerebral sulcus
splits frontal and temporal lobes
Pareto-occipital sulcus
splits parietal and occipital lobes
longitudinal cerebral fissure
splits sides of cerebrum
transverse fissure
splits cerebrum and cerebellum
insula
cannot be seen from outside, houses gustatory cortex
cerebral white matter
contains association, commissural, and projection tracts
cerebral cortex
region of grey matter that forms the outer rim of cerebrum
arbor vitae
cerebellar white matter
Brian stem components
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
pituitary gland
has connections with hypothalamus to release hormones
infundibular stalk (infundibulum)
connect pituitary gland to hypothalamus
midbrain function
contains superior/inferior colliculi
superior - visual stimuli responses (of eyes, head, etc)
inferior - auditory stimuli responses (of eyes, head, etc)
substantia nigra and red nuclei are here too
pons function
pontine nuclei relay NPs from motor areas of cerebellum
contains nuclei for 5/6/7/8 nerves
medulla oblongata function
cardio and respiratory centre
has nuclei for 8/9/10/11/12 nerves
corpus callosum
white matter structure that connect the halves of the cerebrum
inter thalamic adhesion
gray matter that connects halves of the thalamus
posterior pituitary gland hormones
Anti diuretic hormone, oxytocin
pineal gland
secretes melatonin
located in epithalamus
functions of melatonin
circadian rhythms, induce sleep in RAS
why cells produce CSF
ependymal cells
septum pellucidum
separates the two lateral ventricles anteriorly
interventricular foramina
hole between lateral ventricles and 3rd
cerebral aqueduct / aqueduct of the midbrain
where CSF flows from 3rd to 4th
3 functions of CSF
mechanical protection - absorb shock
chemical protection - maintain environment
acts as medium for exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and nervous tissue
central canal
continuation of the ventricle pathways in spinal cord
anterior communicating artery
connects anterior cerebral arteries
anterior cerebral arteries
most anterior 2 arteries in cerebral arterial circle
internal carotid arteries
two arteries facing the opposite plane on either side of the wang thing on the diagram
posterior communicating arteries
connects posterior cerebral arteiros to near internal carotid arteries
posterior cerebral arteries
branch off the basilar arteries
basilar artery
connect vertebral arteries to arterial circle
vertebral Arteries
posterior set of arteries that supply blood to the head
what is a choroid plexus and why are they important
network of blood capillaries covered in ependymal cells in ventricle walls that produce CSF
two functions of cerebral arterial circle
provides extensive routes for blood to brain tissue
equalizes blood pressure in the brain
tests that test cerebellar function
walking in a straight line without looking at your feet (drunk line test)
how does the drunk Line test demonstrate the function of the cerebellum
the test involved fine tuned motor skills and balance
test that tests cerebral function
30 card memory game
how does the card memory game demonstrate the function of the cerebrum
the game involves memory and association
optic chiasm
where the optic nerves decussate
