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BIOL 1191 > lecture 5 - brain and cranial nerves part 2 > Flashcards

lecture 5 - brain and cranial nerves part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of areas in cerebral cortex

A

sensory - perception
motor - execution
association - complex functions

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2
Q

association areas (AAs) (8)

A

somatosensory AA
visual AA
Facial recognition area
Auditory AA
orbitofrontal cortex
wernickes area
common integrateive area
prefrontal cortex

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3
Q

association areas are concerned with:

A

complex integrative functions like memory, emotion, reasoning, and more

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4
Q

association areas are connected to each other by:

A

association tracts

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5
Q

nerve impulses are transmitted from _______ to ______ (in case of doing a complex function)

A

primary areas to association areas

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6
Q

somatosensory AA location

A

posterior to somatosensory area
superior to visual areas/cortex

literally think back of the top part of the head

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7
Q

somatosensory AA functions (3)

A

receives input from primary somatosensory cortex and thalamus

integrates and interprets sensations (shape and texture)

storage of past sensory experiences/memory

eg. pulling keys out of you bag without looking because you remember what they feel like

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8
Q

visual AA location

A

in occipital lobe

lowest portion of back of the brain

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9
Q

visual AA functions (2)

A

receives sensory input from primary visual cortex and thalamus

relates visual experiences (object recognition)

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10
Q

functions of parts of the brain
(what to ask myself when asked about these (3))

A

where does it receive info from

what does it do

example

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11
Q

facial recognition area location

A

inferior temporal lobe (usually right hemisphere dominant)

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12
Q

facial recognition area functions

A

receives info from visual association area

stores info about faces

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13
Q

auditory AA location

A

very top of the temporal lobe

inferior to primary auditory cortex and top parts of cerebrum

posterior to brocas area

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14
Q

auditory AA function

A

receives info from primary auditory cortex

recognition of sound

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15
Q

orbitofrontal cortex location

A

lateral part of frontal lobe (says slides, looks more like the bottom from a side view)

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16
Q

orbitofrontal cortex function

A

receives info from primary olfactory area

identifies odours

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17
Q

wernickes area location

A

left temporal and parietal areas (kind of broad)
posterior to auditory areas from side view

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18
Q

wernickes aphasia (fluent aphasia)

A

can speak. but cannot arrange words coherently

lack speech comprehension

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18
Q

wernickes area function

A

interprets meaning of speech

basically understanding speech
translation of words into thought

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19
Q

common integrative area location

A

surrounded by somatosensory, visual, and auditory AAs

weird part of the diagram that isnt coloured in the back

20
Q

common integrative area function

A

integrates sensory interpretations

forms thoughts bases on sensory input from different areas

transmits signals to parts of the brain for appropriate responses

21
Q

prefrontal cortex location

A

biggest “area”

behind frontal bone

22
Q

prefrontal cortex functions

A

has many connections with other brain regions

a few things its involved in: personality, intellect, recall, initiative, judgement, reasoning, and lots more

23
Q

what areas of the cortex are involved in saying a written word? steps

A

see the word
- primary visual cortex
associate and comprehend the word
- primary visual cortex
- common integrative
- wernickes area
develop a plan for speaking
- brocas area
speak the word
- primary motor
- maybe pre motor as well

24
Q

what areas of the cortex are involved in saying a spoken word? steps

A

hear the word
- primary auditory
process / integrate the word
- auditory association area
- common integrative area
- wernickes area
develop a plan for speaking
- brocas
speak
- primary motor
- maybe pre motor

25
Q

unique functions of the left and right hemispheres (just know 2 for rihgt and 1 for left)

A

right - visual and spatial skills

left - language

26
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram

measures electrical activity in the brain

27
Q

EEG waves (4) and when they are present

A

beta - awake and mentally active
alpha - wake and resting (eyes closed)
theta - emotional stress in adults
delta - deep sleep in adults

these are from low amplitude to high, and from high frequency to low
(eg. beta is low amp, high freq)

28
Q

olfactory nerve function

A

smell

29
Q

optic nerve function

A

vision

30
Q

oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens functions (+1 just oculomotor)

A

move the eyeballs and upper eyelid

occulormotor - constrict pupils

31
Q

damage to nerves 3,4,5 can result in

A

pupil dilation
different kinds of stratbismus (weird eye shit like cross eye)

32
Q

trigeminal nerve branches

A

ophthalmic branch
maxillary branch
mandibular branch

33
Q

trigeminal nerve function

A

sensory - eyelid, eyes, nose, teeth, palate, tongue (not taste)

motor - muscles of mastication

34
Q

faciial nerve function

A

sensory - taste buds(front2/3), touch/pain/thermal receptors in skin of the face

motor - facial expression

35
Q

bells palsy

A

results from damage to the facial nerve

36
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve function for each branch

A

vestibular branch - equilibrium

cochlea branch - hearing

37
Q

branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

vestibular branch

cochlea branch

38
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve function

A

sensory - tastebuds(on back1/3), all types of receptors (baro, chemo, etc) in the mouth

motor - swallowing, saliva secretion

39
Q

vagus nerve functions

A

sensory - a fucking lot (all receptors in ear skin, neck, throat, and viscera)

motor - muscles of pharynx, larynx, soft palate, heart, lungs, glands, smooth muscle

40
Q

accessory nerve functions

A

coordinates head movement via sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

41
Q

hypoglossal nerve function

A

supplies muscles of the tongue
(speech, swallowing0

42
Q

aging can result in:

A

decreased brain size
loss of neurons
increased reflex time
increase ventricle size

all old people shit

43
Q

stroke or CVA (cerebrovascular accident)

A

results form death of brain cells due to lack of O2

44
Q

% breakdown of stroke causes

A

85 - ischemic (clot)
15 - hemorrhagic (ruptured vessel)

45
Q

alzheimers disease

A

progressive dementia, loss of memory, thinking, reasoning

results in neuronal degeneration

46
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

temporary cerebral dysfunction caused by impaired blood flow
5-10 mins

47
Q

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

A

learning disorder - poor or short attention span

BIOL 1191 (30 decks)

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