lecture 5 - brain and cranial nerves part 2 Flashcards
3 types of areas in cerebral cortex
sensory - perception
motor - execution
association - complex functions
association areas (AAs) (8)
somatosensory AA
visual AA
Facial recognition area
Auditory AA
orbitofrontal cortex
wernickes area
common integrateive area
prefrontal cortex
association areas are concerned with:
complex integrative functions like memory, emotion, reasoning, and more
association areas are connected to each other by:
association tracts
nerve impulses are transmitted from _______ to ______ (in case of doing a complex function)
primary areas to association areas
somatosensory AA location
posterior to somatosensory area
superior to visual areas/cortex
literally think back of the top part of the head
somatosensory AA functions (3)
receives input from primary somatosensory cortex and thalamus
integrates and interprets sensations (shape and texture)
storage of past sensory experiences/memory
eg. pulling keys out of you bag without looking because you remember what they feel like
visual AA location
in occipital lobe
lowest portion of back of the brain
visual AA functions (2)
receives sensory input from primary visual cortex and thalamus
relates visual experiences (object recognition)
functions of parts of the brain
(what to ask myself when asked about these (3))
where does it receive info from
what does it do
example
facial recognition area location
inferior temporal lobe (usually right hemisphere dominant)
facial recognition area functions
receives info from visual association area
stores info about faces
auditory AA location
very top of the temporal lobe
inferior to primary auditory cortex and top parts of cerebrum
posterior to brocas area
auditory AA function
receives info from primary auditory cortex
recognition of sound
orbitofrontal cortex location
lateral part of frontal lobe (says slides, looks more like the bottom from a side view)
orbitofrontal cortex function
receives info from primary olfactory area
identifies odours
wernickes area location
left temporal and parietal areas (kind of broad)
posterior to auditory areas from side view
wernickes aphasia (fluent aphasia)
can speak. but cannot arrange words coherently
lack speech comprehension
wernickes area function
interprets meaning of speech
basically understanding speech
translation of words into thought
common integrative area location
surrounded by somatosensory, visual, and auditory AAs
weird part of the diagram that isnt coloured in the back
common integrative area function
integrates sensory interpretations
forms thoughts bases on sensory input from different areas
transmits signals to parts of the brain for appropriate responses
prefrontal cortex location
biggest “area”
behind frontal bone
prefrontal cortex functions
has many connections with other brain regions
a few things its involved in: personality, intellect, recall, initiative, judgement, reasoning, and lots more
what areas of the cortex are involved in saying a written word? steps
see the word
- primary visual cortex
associate and comprehend the word
- primary visual cortex
- common integrative
- wernickes area
develop a plan for speaking
- brocas area
speak the word
- primary motor
- maybe pre motor as well
what areas of the cortex are involved in saying a spoken word? steps
hear the word
- primary auditory
process / integrate the word
- auditory association area
- common integrative area
- wernickes area
develop a plan for speaking
- brocas
speak
- primary motor
- maybe pre motor
unique functions of the left and right hemispheres (just know 2 for rihgt and 1 for left)
right - visual and spatial skills
left - language
EEG
electroencephalogram
measures electrical activity in the brain
EEG waves (4) and when they are present
beta - awake and mentally active
alpha - wake and resting (eyes closed)
theta - emotional stress in adults
delta - deep sleep in adults
these are from low amplitude to high, and from high frequency to low
(eg. beta is low amp, high freq)
olfactory nerve function
smell
optic nerve function
vision
oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens functions (+1 just oculomotor)
move the eyeballs and upper eyelid
occulormotor - constrict pupils
damage to nerves 3,4,5 can result in
pupil dilation
different kinds of stratbismus (weird eye shit like cross eye)
trigeminal nerve branches
ophthalmic branch
maxillary branch
mandibular branch
trigeminal nerve function
sensory - eyelid, eyes, nose, teeth, palate, tongue (not taste)
motor - muscles of mastication
faciial nerve function
sensory - taste buds(front2/3), touch/pain/thermal receptors in skin of the face
motor - facial expression
bells palsy
results from damage to the facial nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve function for each branch
vestibular branch - equilibrium
cochlea branch - hearing
branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve
vestibular branch
cochlea branch
glossopharyngeal nerve function
sensory - tastebuds(on back1/3), all types of receptors (baro, chemo, etc) in the mouth
motor - swallowing, saliva secretion
vagus nerve functions
sensory - a fucking lot (all receptors in ear skin, neck, throat, and viscera)
motor - muscles of pharynx, larynx, soft palate, heart, lungs, glands, smooth muscle
accessory nerve functions
coordinates head movement via sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
hypoglossal nerve function
supplies muscles of the tongue
(speech, swallowing0
aging can result in:
decreased brain size
loss of neurons
increased reflex time
increase ventricle size
all old people shit
stroke or CVA (cerebrovascular accident)
results form death of brain cells due to lack of O2
% breakdown of stroke causes
85 - ischemic (clot)
15 - hemorrhagic (ruptured vessel)
alzheimers disease
progressive dementia, loss of memory, thinking, reasoning
results in neuronal degeneration
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
temporary cerebral dysfunction caused by impaired blood flow
5-10 mins
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
learning disorder - poor or short attention span
