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Bio 5B > Lecture 24 > Flashcards

Lecture 24 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Are muscles considered to be a part of the nervous system?

A

No, they are considered to be the endpoint of the nervous system.

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2
Q

What are some of the functions of the nervous system?

A

Coordinate Movement-Maintain Basic Physiological Processes- Detect External and Internal Stimuli-Relay and Process Information

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3
Q

Define Nerve Nets

A

Simplest nervous system; they have no central processing area.

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4
Q

Where are nerve nets most commonly found?

A

In radially symmetrical animals.

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5
Q

Define Ganglia

A

Bunds of soma.

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6
Q

Define Cephalization

A

Concentration of the ganglia at one of the ends of the body.

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7
Q

Where are ganglia commonly found?

A

In bilaterally symmetrical animals.

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8
Q

Define Cephalic Ganglia

A

Bundles of ganglia concentrated at the head region.

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9
Q

Define Nerves

A

Bundles of Axons.

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10
Q

Where can a large concentration of neurons be found?

A

The brain.

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11
Q

What sort of origin to vertebrate brains share?

A

A common one.

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12
Q

In which group did brains convergently evolve in?

A

Arthropods and Molluscs

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13
Q

What are the sections of the vertebrate brain?

A

Forebrain-Midbrain-Hindbrain

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14
Q

What is something to note about the vertebrate forebrain?

A

Its not too large.

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15
Q

What is something to note about the Vertebrate midbrain?

A

It is very small.

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16
Q

What is the function of the vertebrate hindbrain?

A

Basic processes like breathing.

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17
Q

Where can the olfactory bulb be found?

A

Near the nose.

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18
Q

What happens to the forebrain of vertebrates as they get more complex?

A

Their forebrain gets more developed and become more complex.

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19
Q

What are the parts of the Central Nervous System?

A

Brain-Spinal Cord-Olfactory Nerve-Optic Nerve and Retina

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20
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made of?

A

Sensory and Motor Neurons along with autonomic nerves and ganglia.

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21
Q

What does “Peripheral” in Peripheral Nervous system entail?

A

It entails that the portions of the PNS can be found on the edges of the CNS.

22
Q

What is the main function of the CNS?

A

Information processing and transformation.

23
Q

What are the main functions of the pNS?

A

Gathering information and maintenance of the body.

24
Q

_____ sends and receives information.

A

Peripheral Nervous System.

25
Q

What are the different neurons involved in the PNS?

A

Afferent Neurons (sensory) and efferent neurons (motor)

ASEM.

26
Q

What are the divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic and Autonomic

27
Q

What are some things to note about the Somatic System?

A

It is responsible for sensory perception and voluntary movement.

28
Q

What are some things to note about the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

It is responsible for involuntary movements and physiological regulation.

29
Q

Which of the systems of the peripheral nervous system has 2 divisions? What are they?

A

The autonomic system; the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

30
Q

What are some things to note about the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Fight or flight; alarm/survival mode.

31
Q

What are some things to note about the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Rest and Digest- Maintenance.

32
Q

What portions of the spine are included in the CNS and PNS respectively ?

A

Anything inside of the vertebral column is a part of the CNS whereas the neurons that exit the spine and the brain are a part of the PNS.

33
Q

What is gray matter made of?

A

It is made of soma.

34
Q

What is white matter made of?

A

It is made of axons with myelin sheath covering.

35
Q

Where are the gray matter and white matter located respectively inside of the brain and the spine?

A

In the brain, the gray matter is on the outside and in the spine, it is on the inside. Vice versa for white matter.

36
Q

What does it mean for brain functions to be lateralized?

A

It means that the right hemisphere controls the functions of the left side of the body and that they left hemisphere controls the functions of the right side of the body.

37
Q

What arte the lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal-Parietal-Occipital-Cerebellum-Temporal F-POCT

38
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

Decision making

39
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Sensory processing

40
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

41
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Balance

42
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Auditory Processing

43
Q

How do we associate functions with brain regions?

A

By conducting injury studies on the brain.

44
Q

Define Réflex Arc

A

An automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus that involves both the central and the peripheral nervous system.

45
Q

How can the distance between the interneuron and the brain be characterized with respect to the distance between the interneuron and the muscle?

A

The distance from the interneuron to the brain is longer than the distance between the interneuron and the muscle; this is why when, for instance, we are poked with something, we have a “twitch” before the feeling is actually registered.

46
Q

What is the process that happens when we get poked by a needle?

A

You get poked by the needle, the sensory neuron is triggered, the signal goes to the interneuron and spine and gets fired, goes to efferent and gets fired, signal gets sent to motor neuron and the muscle contracts.

47
Q

Can humans be considered right brained or left brained?

A

No, then functions of the brain are lateralized.

48
Q

Do you use 10% of the brain?

A

No, all parts of the brain are used throughout the course of the day.

49
Q

Where does motor learning take place?

A

The sensorimotor complex.

50
Q

What is meant by muscle memory?

A

The “memory” is not stored in the muscles.

Bio 5B (26 decks)

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