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Bio 5B > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do carnivorous plants obtain mineral resources?

A

By drowning and digesting prey.

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2
Q

Where are carnivorous plants most commonly located?

A

Low nutrient soils of bogs or particular soil types.

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3
Q

What are the horizons of soil?

A

A, B, and C.

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4
Q

What is contained in the A Horizon?

A

Decaying organic matter; broken down rock; microbial organisms.

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5
Q

What is contained in the B horizon?

A

Less weathered material

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6
Q

What is contained in the C horizon?

A

The “parent material”

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7
Q

How do roots acidify soil solution?

A

With CO2 and hydrogen ions.

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8
Q

What do the H+ ions do in soil?

A

Neutralize soil solution and cause cation exchange.

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9
Q

What do the roots do with the cations?

A

They absorb them.

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10
Q

What is topsoil consisted of? What is the definition of that thing?

A

Humus, organic matter that is composed of decaying plant matter and feces of decomposing organisms.

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11
Q

Does topsoil have a lot of bacteria?

A

Yes, a teaspoon of topsoil has 5 million bacteria.

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12
Q

What does decaying organic matter have a strong impact on?

A

Soil nutrient availability-Water holding capacity-Soil Structure SWS

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13
Q

How many elements are found in plants?

A

Over 50

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14
Q

What are some of the macronutrients plants need?

A

C,H,O,N,S,P

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15
Q

What are some of the micronutrients plants need?

A

Cu, Ni, Mo

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16
Q

How were the essential elements needed by plants determined?

A

Through hydroponic techniques.

17
Q

Does plant nutrition involve relationships with other organisms?

A

Yes

18
Q

What are some of the organisms that plants work with to get their nutrients?

A

Nitrogen Fixers-Mycorrhizal Fungi

19
Q

How do Nitrogen Fixers aid in the nutrition of plants?

A

They convert atmospheric nitrogen gas to a usable form for plants (ammonia)

20
Q

Do Nitrogen Fixers or Mycorrhizal Fungi form structures in the roots of certain plants (some of them)?

A

Nitrogen Fixers

21
Q

How do Mycorrhizal Fungi aid in plant nutrition?

A

They form hyphae extensions that increase the area of soil mined by the plant roots; receive carbon from plants.

22
Q

_____ forms nodules in some plants.

A

Rhizobium

23
Q

What are the steps needed for the development of the Soybean Root Nodule?

A

1) Chemical signals attract bacteria and an infection thread forms
2) Bacteria divide in the root cortex, forming bacteroids.
3) Growth continues and a root nodule forms (root hair is removed)
4) The nodule develops vascular tissue.
5) The mature nodule grows to be many times the diameter of the root.

24
Q

What are the two main types of Mycorrhizae?

A

Ectomycorrhizae and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

25
Q

What are some things to note about Ectomycorrhizae?

A

They form a sheath around the root; found in about 10% of plant families.

26
Q

What are some things to note about Arbuscular Mycorrhizae?

A

Fungal hyphae extend into the roots; found in most plants.

27
Q

What are some unusual nutritional adaptations found in plants?

A

Epiphytes-Parasitic Plants-Carnivorous Plants EPC

28
Q

What are some important things to note about Epiphytes?

A

They are plants that grow on other plants; do NOT have roots in soil or host. They obtain their nutrition from the atmosphere and canopy soil .

29
Q

What are some important things to note about Parasitic Plants?

A

They absorb water, minerals, and sometimes carbon directly from their host; some of them lack chlorophylls entirely.

30
Q

What are some important things to note about Carnivorous Plants?

A

They are photosynthetic, but supplement mineral nutrition by capturing small animals; they usually live in poor soils.

31
Q

What are some examples of Epiphytes?

A

Staghorn Fern and Vanilla Orchid

32
Q

What are some examples of Parasitic Plants?

A

Mistletoe and Dodder

33
Q

What are some examples of Carnivorous Plants?

A

Venus Flytraps and Pitcher Plants

Bio 5B (26 decks)

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