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Bio 5B > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do Metazoans reproduce?

A

Sexually

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2
Q

What tends to be the pattern of movement for Metazoa s throughout their lifetime?

A

They tend to have motile juveniles and sessile adults .

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3
Q

What are the required components of sexual reproduction?

A

Meiosis (2n—->1n) and Gamete Fusion (1n—->2n)

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4
Q

What types of cells are gametes?

A

Sexual cells

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5
Q

In terms of size, how can the gametes be classified?

A

Anisogamy (different sized) and Isogamy (same sized)

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6
Q

In what organisms do we tend to see more isogamy?

A

Protists.

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7
Q

Through what technique do animals asexually reproduce?

A

Through mitosis (2n —-> 2n)

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8
Q

Asexual reproduction is ancestral for _____.

A

Eukaryotes.

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9
Q

Is asexual reproduction more common or sexual reproduction?

A

Asexual reproduction.

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10
Q

What are the types of Asexual Reproduction?

A

Budding-Fragmentation-Fission

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11
Q

Define Budding

A

Deliberate, plant-like growth.

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12
Q

What is the main difference between fragmentation and fission?

A

Fragmentation is sometimes accidental but fission is always on purpose.

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13
Q

What are the main differences between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction?

A

Sexual reproduction requires 2 individuals (gametes) and each individual only passes on half of its genome; asexual reproduction requires one individual and each individual passes on its whole genome.

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14
Q

Why did sexual reproduction evolve?

A

Genetic Recombination.

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15
Q

What are the main benefits of doing sexual reproduction?

A

Increase in genetic diversity and compensation for bad mutations.

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16
Q

Define Hermaphrodites

A

Organisms that have male and female gametes.

17
Q

What are the different types of hermaphrodites?

A

Simultaneous and Sequential.

18
Q

Define Simultaneous Hermaphrodites

A

They have testes and ovaries at the same time; sperm and egg production at the same time.

19
Q

Define Sequential Hermaphrodites

A

They start out as one sex and transition to another.

20
Q

What are all the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?

A

Sexual reproduction slower, needs a partner, meiosis based, and encourages high genetic diversity and aids local adaptation; asexual reproduction is faster, needs no partner, mitosis based, and is highly effective in stable environments.

21
Q

Reproduction is _____; what does this mean?

A

Costly; it means that animals reproduce only when resources are plentiful.

22
Q

What are the different types of fertilization?

A

Internal and External

23
Q

What are some things to note about external fertilization?

A

Spawning is another name for it and it requires water.

24
Q

What are some things to note about internal fertilization?

A

Spermatophores are included and terrestrial adaptations occur.

25
Q

In some species, where is the sperm stored?

A

In the spermatheca.

26
Q

What are some benefits too storage of the sperm?

A

Control of the timing of fertilization and sperm selection (females select the sperm that it get fertilized by)

27
Q

What are all of the stages of development that occur ?

A

Fertilization, cleavage formation, blastulation, gastrulation, and organogenesis.

28
Q

What are the 2 categories of development and what is included under each one of them?

A

Fertilization and Morphogenesis; under fertilization, fertilization and cleavage formation occur and under morphogenesis, blastulation, gastrulation, and organogenesis occur.

29
Q

What does it mean that early development is highly conserved?

A

It means that at the beginning of development, not much goes on and some animals tend to look very similar to one another.

30
Q

Define Ontogeny

A

Embryonic development.

31
Q

What does parental care allow for?

A

Increased chances of survival of the offspring.

32
Q

What are some forms of parental care?

A

Guarding of the Eggs, Providing Food and Shelter, Long-Term bonds.

Bio 5B (26 decks)

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