Lecture 14

Question 1

In which domain are animals located in?

Answer 1

Eukarya

Question 2

What does Metazoa mean?

Answer 2

“Later animals”

Question 3

What are the shared derived traits of animals?

Answer 3

Heterotrophic-Sexual Reproduction-Multicellularity-Movement (at least some point in their lifetime)

Question 4

What group of organisms do all animals share a common ancestor with?

Answer 4

Choanoflagellates

Question 5

Are choanoflagellates bacteria, eukaryotes, or protists?

Answer 5

Protists

Question 6

Many choanoflagellates are _____.

Answer 6

Colonial

Question 7

How do some specific choanoflagellates feed?

Answer 7

Sponges filter feed through choanocytes; choanocytes are also present in other modern animals.

Question 8

Define Sponges

Answer 8

Matrix of cells that allow for choanocytes to sit in.

Question 9

Which of the group of animals are considered the simplest animals; what do they lack?

Answer 9

Poriferans; they lack tissues.

Question 10

What are some key characteristics of sponges?

Answer 10

They are asymmetrical, sessile, and not plants. (They are animals)

Question 11

In what manner, that is considered atypical, are the cells in poriferans organized?

Answer 11

They are not organized into tissues.

Question 12

What do Amoebacytes do in Poriferans?

Answer 12

They move freely around the body of the sponge and can divide essentially into whatever they want.

Question 13

What are the three major body plans in animals?

Answer 13

No symmetry; radial symmetry; bilateral symmetry.

Question 14

What does Radial Symmetry mean?

Answer 14

It doesn’t matter how the body is cut; the body plan is laid out in a circle.

Question 15

What does bilateral symmetry mean?

Answer 15

Only one way to cut the body in half to have two equal halves.

Question 16

What are Eumetazoans? What is a characteristic they have that is different than sponges?

Answer 16

Eumetazoans are all the other animals besides sponges; they have tissues.

Question 17

What are the tissues that are present in Eumetazoans?

Answer 17

Nervous-Epithelial-Muscle-Connective MENC

Question 18

What are some examples of Cnidarians?

Answer 18

Jellyfish and Corals.

Question 19

How do Cnidarians move?

Answer 19

They use tissues to coordinate their movement.

Question 20

What parts of the cnidarians are sessile and motile respectively?

Answer 20

They have a sessile polyp (the polyp can move to get prey or to move away); they have a motile medusa.

Question 21

What is the Mesoglea?

Answer 21

It is the space present in between the epidermis and Gastrodermis.

Question 22

What does Diploblastic mean?

Answer 22

It has 2 germ layers.

Question 23

What are the larva stages of the lophotrochozoa?

Answer 23

Lophophore and Trochophore; they have cilia to feed/move.

Question 24

What is a key characteristic present in lophotrochozoa?

Answer 24

Protostome development.

Question 25

Define Blastula

Answer 25

It is a ball of cells.

Question 26

Define Blastocoel

Answer 26

It is the empty space in the blastula.

Question 27

Define Gastrulation

Answer 27

Some cells die/divide to form this outside/inside layer; gastrulation is the process mentioned above to make an invagination.

Question 28

What happens in the Endoderm of the Gastrula?

Answer 28

Formation of internal structures.

Question 29

What happens in the ectoderm of the gastrula?

Answer 29

Formation of outside structures.

Question 30

Are Protostomes and Deuterostomes diploblastic or triploblastic?

Answer 30

BOTH ARE TRIPLOBLASTIC

Question 31

What is characteristic of the Eight-Cell stage in protostomes?

Answer 31

Spiral and Determinate (determinate meaning that the embryo cannot change its developmental plan)

Question 32

What is characteristic of the Eight-Cell stage in deuterostomes?

Answer 32

Radial and Indeterminate (indeterminate meaning that the embryo can change its developmental plans)

Question 33

In protostomes, how is the coelom formed?

Answer 33

Solid masses of mesoderm split and form the coelom.

Question 34

In deuterostomes, how is the coelom formed?

Answer 34

From the folds of archenteron.

Question 35

What happens in terms of development of the mouth and anus in the protostomes and deuterostomes respectively?

Answer 35

In protostomes, the blastophore becomes mouth (mouth develops first and then anus develops); in deuterostomes, the blastophore becomes the anus (the anus develops first and then the mouth)

Question 36

What are some characteristics of Lophotrochozoans?

Answer 36

They are highly diverse; flat bodies are only a few cells thick.

Question 37

What are some phyla included in the lophotrochozoans?

Answer 37

Platyhelminths, Molluscs, Cephalopods, Annelids. (PMCA)

Question 38

What is an example of platyhelminths? What is the purpose of the flatness of the example’s body?

Answer 38

Flat worms; flatness allows for appropriate gas exchange.

Question 39

Where do Gastropods and Bivalves reside?

Answer 39

In shells.

Question 40

Define Cephalopods; what are some examples?

Answer 40

They are shell-less and predatory molluscs. Examples are squid and octopus.

Question 41

What are some examples of molluscs?

Answer 41

Gastropods and Bivalves.

Question 42

Define Annelids

Answer 42

Segmented worms.

Question 43

What are some examples of Annelids?

Answer 43

Leech, Tubeworm.

Question 44

What are the phyla included in the Ecdysozoa group?

Answer 44

Nematoda and Arthropoda ENA

Question 45

What is a key feature that organisms in the Ecdysozoa phylum have?

Answer 45

Ecdysis, which is molting (exiting their exoskeleton to grow).

Question 46

What phyla has the most diverse species?

Answer 46

Arthropoda.

Question 47

What can be said about the place of residence of Crustaceans?

Answer 47

They are bound to freshwater.

Question 48

What is a prime example of a Nematoda?

Answer 48

C. Elegans

Question 49

In the deuterostomia phylum, what enables for rapid locomotion?

Answer 49

BILATERAL Symmetry

Question 50

What type of symmetry do echinoderms have? What about their larvae?

Answer 50

Echinoderms have radial symmetry; their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical.