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Bio 5B > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

In which domain are animals located in?

A

Eukarya

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2
Q

What does Metazoa mean?

A

“Later animals”

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3
Q

What are the shared derived traits of animals?

A

Heterotrophic-Sexual Reproduction-Multicellularity-Movement (at least some point in their lifetime)

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4
Q

What group of organisms do all animals share a common ancestor with?

A

Choanoflagellates

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5
Q

Are choanoflagellates bacteria, eukaryotes, or protists?

A

Protists

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6
Q

Many choanoflagellates are _____.

A

Colonial

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7
Q

How do some specific choanoflagellates feed?

A

Sponges filter feed through choanocytes; choanocytes are also present in other modern animals.

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8
Q

Define Sponges

A

Matrix of cells that allow for choanocytes to sit in.

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9
Q

Which of the group of animals are considered the simplest animals; what do they lack?

A

Poriferans; they lack tissues.

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10
Q

What are some key characteristics of sponges?

A

They are asymmetrical, sessile, and not plants. (They are animals)

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11
Q

In what manner, that is considered atypical, are the cells in poriferans organized?

A

They are not organized into tissues.

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12
Q

What do Amoebacytes do in Poriferans?

A

They move freely around the body of the sponge and can divide essentially into whatever they want.

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13
Q

What are the three major body plans in animals?

A

No symmetry; radial symmetry; bilateral symmetry.

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14
Q

What does Radial Symmetry mean?

A

It doesn’t matter how the body is cut; the body plan is laid out in a circle.

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15
Q

What does bilateral symmetry mean?

A

Only one way to cut the body in half to have two equal halves.

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16
Q

What are Eumetazoans? What is a characteristic they have that is different than sponges?

A

Eumetazoans are all the other animals besides sponges; they have tissues.

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17
Q

What are the tissues that are present in Eumetazoans?

A

Nervous-Epithelial-Muscle-Connective MENC

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18
Q

What are some examples of Cnidarians?

A

Jellyfish and Corals.

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19
Q

How do Cnidarians move?

A

They use tissues to coordinate their movement.

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20
Q

What parts of the cnidarians are sessile and motile respectively?

A

They have a sessile polyp (the polyp can move to get prey or to move away); they have a motile medusa.

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21
Q

What is the Mesoglea?

A

It is the space present in between the epidermis and Gastrodermis.

22
Q

What does Diploblastic mean?

A

It has 2 germ layers.

23
Q

What are the larva stages of the lophotrochozoa?

A

Lophophore and Trochophore; they have cilia to feed/move.

24
Q

What is a key characteristic present in lophotrochozoa?

A

Protostome development.

25
Q

Define Blastula

A

It is a ball of cells.

26
Q

Define Blastocoel

A

It is the empty space in the blastula.

27
Q

Define Gastrulation

A

Some cells die/divide to form this outside/inside layer; gastrulation is the process mentioned above to make an invagination.

28
Q

What happens in the Endoderm of the Gastrula?

A

Formation of internal structures.

29
Q

What happens in the ectoderm of the gastrula?

A

Formation of outside structures.

30
Q

Are Protostomes and Deuterostomes diploblastic or triploblastic?

A

BOTH ARE TRIPLOBLASTIC

31
Q

What is characteristic of the Eight-Cell stage in protostomes?

A

Spiral and Determinate (determinate meaning that the embryo cannot change its developmental plan)

32
Q

What is characteristic of the Eight-Cell stage in deuterostomes?

A

Radial and Indeterminate (indeterminate meaning that the embryo can change its developmental plans)

33
Q

In protostomes, how is the coelom formed?

A

Solid masses of mesoderm split and form the coelom.

34
Q

In deuterostomes, how is the coelom formed?

A

From the folds of archenteron.

35
Q

What happens in terms of development of the mouth and anus in the protostomes and deuterostomes respectively?

A

In protostomes, the blastophore becomes mouth (mouth develops first and then anus develops); in deuterostomes, the blastophore becomes the anus (the anus develops first and then the mouth)

36
Q

What are some characteristics of Lophotrochozoans?

A

They are highly diverse; flat bodies are only a few cells thick.

37
Q

What are some phyla included in the lophotrochozoans?

A

Platyhelminths, Molluscs, Cephalopods, Annelids. (PMCA)

38
Q

What is an example of platyhelminths? What is the purpose of the flatness of the example’s body?

A

Flat worms; flatness allows for appropriate gas exchange.

39
Q

Where do Gastropods and Bivalves reside?

A

In shells.

40
Q

Define Cephalopods; what are some examples?

A

They are shell-less and predatory molluscs. Examples are squid and octopus.

41
Q

What are some examples of molluscs?

A

Gastropods and Bivalves.

42
Q

Define Annelids

A

Segmented worms.

43
Q

What are some examples of Annelids?

A

Leech, Tubeworm.

44
Q

What are the phyla included in the Ecdysozoa group?

A

Nematoda and Arthropoda ENA

45
Q

What is a key feature that organisms in the Ecdysozoa phylum have?

A

Ecdysis, which is molting (exiting their exoskeleton to grow).

46
Q

What phyla has the most diverse species?

A

Arthropoda.

47
Q

What can be said about the place of residence of Crustaceans?

A

They are bound to freshwater.

48
Q

What is a prime example of a Nematoda?

A

C. Elegans

49
Q

In the deuterostomia phylum, what enables for rapid locomotion?

A

BILATERAL Symmetry

50
Q

What type of symmetry do echinoderms have? What about their larvae?

A

Echinoderms have radial symmetry; their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical.

Bio 5B (26 decks)

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