Lecture 15

Question 1

Vertebrates are animals with a _____.

Answer 1

Backbone

Question 2

What are the groups within Chordata?

Answer 2

Vertebrata-Cephalochordata-Urochordata

Question 3

Which of the groups in the Chordata diverged first from the Chordates?

Answer 3

Cephalochordata

Question 4

What are the 4 key characteristics present in Chordates?

Answer 4

Notochord-Dorsal, hollow nerve Cord-Post Anal Tail-Pharyngeal Slits NDTP

Question 5

What is another name for Urochordata

Answer 5

Tunicates

Question 6

What do Urochordata (adults) do with water?

Answer 6

They suck it in through their siphons and push it out.

Question 7

What traits are not present in the Urochordata Adult? What is something that they developed?

Answer 7

They lack a notochord, tail, and nerve chord; they gained the ability to filter feed.

Question 8

Define Homeobox (HOX) Genes

Answer 8

Genes that play a critical role in how we function; they control the arrangement and number of body parts.

Question 9

What do changes in Homeobox genes lead to?

Answer 9

Alternations in the body plan.

Question 10

What are the 3 shared derived traits present in Vertebrata?

Answer 10

Spinal Cord Enclosed by the Vertebrate- Neural Crest- Genome Duplication SNG

Question 11

Where does the Jaw present in vertebrates develop from?

Answer 11

It develops from the neural crest.

Question 12

What does Cyclostomata mean?

Answer 12

Essentially fish with circular, jawless mouths.

Question 13

What are the groups present within the Cyclostomata?

Answer 13

Myxini and Petromyzontida.

Question 14

What is an example of a Myxnini?

Answer 14

Hagfish

Question 15

What is an example of a Petromyzontida?

Answer 15

Lamprey

Question 16

What is one thing that Cyclostomata retain into their adulthood?

Answer 16

Their notochord

Question 17

What are two things that aren’t present in the Petromyzontida?

Answer 17

No Appendages (limbs) and No Scales

Question 18

What is one key thing that Gnathostomata possess?

Answer 18

A Jaw

Question 19

Where did the jaw present in Gnathostomata evolve from?

Answer 19

Gill arches.

Question 20

What are the groups included in the Gnathostomata?

Answer 20

Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes

Question 21

What is a key feature of Chondrichthyes?

Answer 21

They have cartilaginous skeletons (allows for flexibility of their bodies)

Question 22

What is an example of Cephalochordata?

Answer 22

Lancelets

Question 23

What is a key feature of Osteichthyes?

Answer 23

They are bony fishes.

Question 24

What are the divisions of Osteichthyes?

Answer 24

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) and Lobe Finned Fish

Question 25

Which of the divisions of Osteichthyes are incredibly diverse?

Answer 25

Ray finned fishes (Actinopterygii)

Question 26

What are the divisions of Lobe Finned Fish?

Answer 26

Actinistia (Coelacanths) and Dipnoi (lung fishes)

Question 27

What are key characteristics present in the Actinistia (Coelacanths)?

Answer 27

Muscular Fins and fins supported by long bones; they are also “living fossils” (modern animals relatively distinguishable from fossilized relatives)

Question 28

What is the very first transitional fossil?

Answer 28

Tiktaalik

Question 29

What is the most important characteristic of tetrapods?

Answer 29

They have digits (little fingers)

Question 30

Where did tetrapods evolve from?

Answer 30

Lobe-Finned Fish

Question 31

What are some Tetrapod characteristics?

Answer 31

Neck-Ribs-Flat Skull-Fin Skeleton-Eyes on top of the skull NRFFE

Question 32

What are some key characteristics of Amphibians?

Answer 32

They have a dual life (live in the water and eventually on the land)- They require water to reproduce and adults require moisture.

Question 33

What are examples of Chondrichthyes?

Answer 33

Sharks and Rays

Question 34

What are examples of Amphibians?

Answer 34

Frogs and Salamanders.