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Bio 5B > Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does it mean for animal form to be tied with their function?

A

A way that the body of an animal is organized is done so to aid them with their functions.

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2
Q

What phenomena leads do alterations of forms in animals?

A

Natural Selection

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3
Q

What causes phenotypes to converge?

A

Similar environments cause phenotypes to converge.

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4
Q

Generally speaking, is becoming bigger more ideal for animals?

A

No; when they get bigger, their surface area and volume increase, causing more inherent difficulties for gas exchange.

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5
Q

Does volume increase faster or does surface area?

A

Volume

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6
Q

How must the cells be positioned in order to allow for the exchange of gases?

A

They must be positioned near the surface for gas/solute exchange.

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7
Q

What are the options for animals that are intending to get bigger?

A

They can stay flat or bring the outside in (bringing the outside in entailing that they develop a circulatory and respiratory system to allow for the exchange of gases)

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8
Q

In bigger animals, what allows for an increase in surface area?

A

Folds and Loops

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9
Q

What are the “folds and loops” in animals leading to an increase in surface area?

A

Nephron-Bronchi-Villi

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10
Q

What is the function of the Nephron?

A

FILTRATION of gases

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11
Q

What is the function of the Bronchi?

A

To allow for gas exchange to occur.

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12
Q

Define Villi

A

Epithelial cells located inside of the intestines that allow for the absorption of gases.

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13
Q

True or False: You need to be big to have a complex organ system.

A

False

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14
Q

Define Epithelial Tissues

A

Sheets of Cells

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15
Q

What is the function of the Epithelium?

A

It lines other tissues and organs and works as a barrier between the outside and the inside.

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16
Q

What are the different types of epithelial Tissues?

A

Stratified Squamous- Simple Squamous- Simple Columnar-Pseudostratified Columnar-Cuboidal

17
Q

What does stratified mean?

A

Layered

18
Q

Define Squamous

A

Flat, amorphous, skinny cells with no specific shape.

19
Q

What is the function of the Muscle Tissue?

A

To allow for movement.

20
Q

What are the different types of Muscle Tissues?

A

Smooth, Skeletal, and Cardiac. SSC

21
Q

What are some important things to note about the Smooth Muscle Tissue?

A

It is found in the stomach and allows for movement that isn’t coordinated.

22
Q

What is something important to note about Skeletal Muscle Tissue?

A

It allows for the coordinated movement.

23
Q

What is the function of the Nervous Tissue?

A

To process information and coordinate time-sensitive functions.

24
Q

What are the different parts of the neuron?

A

Axon-Dendrite-Soma

25
Q

What is the function of Connective Tissues?

A

To support and hold body parts together.

26
Q

What are examples of Connective Tissue?

A

Bone-Adipose Tissue-Cartilage

27
Q

Define Endotherm

A

An organism that gets their body heat from cellular metabolism.

28
Q

Define Ectotherm

A

An organism that regulates their body temperature via the environment.

29
Q

What does Homeostasis mean?

A

Staying the same (applies to everything in the body)

30
Q

In what ways can organisms be regarded when it comes to keeping their temperature constant?

A

Regulator-Conformer

31
Q

How does a regulator control their body temperature?

A

Via metabolism and behaviors.

32
Q

How does a conformer control their body temperature?

A

By living in a constant environment.

33
Q

What is an organism with a very constant body temperature?

A

Homeotherm

34
Q

What is an organism with a not so consistent body temperature?

A

Poikilotherm

35
Q

What is something important to note about Poikilotherms?

A

They have a wide range of temperatures they can survive in.

36
Q

Homeostasis is maintained by a _____

A

Feedback Loop

37
Q

What is a sensor when you’re talking about a feedback loop?

A

It’s something that’s able to determine the value of the thing you want to regulate.

38
Q

What is a set point when talking about feedback loops?

A

It is a value you want to beat.

39
Q

Define Negative Feedback

A

A normal biological response in which the effects of a reaction slow or stop that reaction.

Bio 5B (26 decks)

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