Lecture 16

Question 1

What sort of important transition do amniotic signify?

Answer 1

The transition from water-dwelling to land dwelling.

Question 2

What feature present in the vertebrates allows for a fully terrestrial life?

Answer 2

Amniotic Eggs

Question 3

What are the components of the amniotic egg?

Answer 3

Chorion (waste)- Yolk Sac- Amnion (shock absorber)- Allantois CYAA

Question 4

What is the chorion?

Answer 4

Waste inside of the amniotic egg.

Question 5

What does the Allantois allow for?

Answer 5

Gas exchange

Question 6

What is the significance of the Amnion?

Answer 6

It absorbs the “shock” that might be placed on the amniotic egg.

Question 7

Define Temporal Fenestrae

Answer 7

It is a “window” located on the temporal lobe of the skull.

Question 8

On what basis are amniotes classified?

Answer 8

They are classified based on the number of temporal fenestrae they have; they are divided into diapsids and synapsids.

Question 9

What are the groups included within the Diapsids?

Answer 9

Testudines-Lepidosauria- Archosauria

Question 10

What are examples of Testudines?

Answer 10

Turtles and Tortoises.

Question 11

What are the top and bottom part of tetudines called respectively?

Answer 11

The carapace for the top and the plastron for the bottom.

Question 12

What main thing are Testudines adapted for?

Answer 12

They are adapted for defense.

Question 13

What are the groups included in the Lepidosauria?

Answer 13

Tuataras and Squamata

Question 14

What are examples of Squamata?

Answer 14

Lizards and Snakes

Question 15

What are some key defining characteristics of Lepidosauria?

Answer 15

They have overlapping scales and a sprawling gait.

Question 16

Define Sprawling Gait

Answer 16

Walking that involves swinging of the arms from side to side.

Question 17

What are some examples of Archosauria?

Answer 17

Crocodiles and Birds

Question 18

What are some defining characteristics of Archosauria?

Answer 18

They have deep teeth sockets and an uprighted gait.

Question 19

Define Upright Gait

Answer 19

Their arms and legs are oriented beneath them.

Question 20

Besides deep teeth sockets and an upright gait, what are some other things common amongst the Archosauria?

Answer 20

They exhibit parental care, sociality, and complex behaviors.

Question 21

What are some key characteristics of the birds? (Located in Archosauria)

Answer 21

They have asymmetrical feathers, no teeth, flow-through respiration, and light weight skeletons.

Question 22

What is flow through respiration?

Answer 22

There are air sacs located in the bones of the birds, which allows for respiration to occur.

Question 23

What are some key characteristics of mammals?

Answer 23

Heterodonty, lactation, and fur.

Question 24

Where did the sweat glands in the Mammalia develop from?

Answer 24

Mammary Glands.

Question 25

Define Monotremes

Answer 25

Egg laying mammals.

Question 26

What are some examples of monotremes?

Answer 26

Platypus and Echidna.

Question 27

What are the divisions of mammals that retain their amniotic egg internally?

Answer 27

Marsupials (pouched mammals) and Eutherians (placental mammals)

Question 28

What is a key characteristic of Therian mammals?

Answer 28

The amniotic egg gestates internally.

Question 29

What are key characteristics of Primates?

Answer 29

Ball and Socket Shoulder, Plantigrade Feet, and Opposable Thumb.

Question 30

What does it mean to have plantigrade feet?

Answer 30

It means your feet are flat.

Question 31

What is a key characteristic of Hominids?

Answer 31

They have an upright stance.