Lecture 18

Question 1

Where does heat production occur in animals?

Answer 1

It occurs in the organs .

Question 2

Where does heat loss happen in animals?

Answer 2

It happens in the extremities.

Question 3

What are examples of extremities in animals?

Answer 3

Ears, fingers, and toes.

Question 4

How do furs and feathers keep animals warm?

Answer 4

They do so by increasing the boundary layer.

Question 5

Define Boundary Layer

Answer 5

The region near a surface where the fluid velocity drops to zero (air becomes trapped).

Question 6

Define Blubber

Answer 6

It is a fat specialized for insulation.

Question 7

What is blubber consisted of mainly?

Answer 7

It is mainly consisted of fat.

Question 8

What sort of fat is blubber and what is the function of that?

Answer 8

White fat (used for storage)

Question 9

What does countercurrent exchange mainly involve?

Answer 9

The organization of the blood vessels.

Question 10

How does Countercurrent Exchange work?

Answer 10

Countercurrent exchange is a means an animal can stay warm; they do so through transferring the heat coming from their core (warm blood) to vessels that are exposed to colder spots.

Question 11

How does countercurrent flow minimize the loss of heat in extremities?

Answer 11

It does so through the gradients.

Question 12

What are important things to note about Concurrent Flow?

Answer 12

Blood flow occurs in the same direction and the arteries and veins don’t flow near one another.

Question 13

What are some important things to note about Countercurrent Flow?

Answer 13

Blood flows in the opposite direction and the vessels sit next to one another.

Question 14

Define Thermogenesis

Answer 14

Keeping warm through burning calories.

Question 15

What is an example of Thermogenesis?

Answer 15

Shivering.

Question 16

What is the function of Brown Fat?

Answer 16

To generate heat inside of the body.

Question 17

What are some behaviors that animals exhibit to keep themselves warm?

Answer 17

Huddling and Decomposition.

Question 18

What are the means in which animals can stay warm?

Answer 18

Insulation-Countercurrent Exchange-Thermogenesis-Behaviors.

Question 19

What are the means in which animals can stay cool?

Answer 19

Vascularization-Evaporative Cooling-Behaviors

Question 20

What specifically about vascularization allows animals to stay cool?

Answer 20

The presence of a lot of blood vessels and concurrent flow.

Question 21

What is something to note about evaporative cooling?

Answer 21

Energy transferred to liquid water changes its state.

Question 22

What are examples of behaviors animals exhibit that allow them to stay cool?

Answer 22

Nocturnality and Burrowing

Question 23

Define Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 23

How much energy you burn when you aren’t doing anything.

Question 24

What are the ways in which metabolism can be measured?

Answer 24

Absolute Metabolism and Mass Specific Metabolism.

Question 25

Define Absolute Metabolism

Answer 25

How much oxygen the organism can consume while at rest.

Question 26

Define Mass-Specific Metabolism

Answer 26

How much oxygen you’re consuming per gram of body weight.

Question 27

What can be said about the mass-specific metabolism of smaller creatures?

Answer 27

The smaller you are, the harder you’re working to maintain your body temperature.

Question 28

What are the ways to lower BMR?

Answer 28

Torpor and Estivation

Question 29

When do animals tend to estivate?

Answer 29

They tend to estivate in hot conditions.

Question 30

When do animals tend to use torpor?

Answer 30

They tend to use torpor in colder conditions.

Question 31

Is torpor more common in smaller or larger animals?

Answer 31

It is more common in smaller animals.

Question 32

Is torpor more commonly used in smaller or larger animals?

Answer 32

It is more commonly used in smaller animals.