Lab Exam Chapter7 Flashcards
What are the most gene sequence that is used for genetic identification
small subunit ribosomal rna
What does identification of SSU rRNA involve
sequencing the gene from your microbe of interest and matching the sequence to known sequences in a database containing the SSU rRNA genetic sequence from thousands
What are antibodies
proteins produced by the immune system of mammals that specifically bind to certain molecules called antigens
what are antibodies capable of
recognizing and binding to a molecule called an antigen with very high specificity
The antigen binding portion of the antibody is highly ______ between antibodies and each antibody recognizes a different antigen
variable
What is the result in a n antibody solution containing multiple different antibodies refferes to as
polyclonal antibody preperation
What do most antigens do
induce an immune response and are thus called immunogens
________ are the best antigens
proteins
What is the recognition sit of an antibody on an antigen
epitope
A _______ protein can have _______ epitopes and be recognized by several antibodies
single; multiple
T/F antigens may be soluble
true
example of soluble antigen
secreted protein toxins
example of antigens that are particulate
entire microbial cells
each pathogenic microbe produces dozens of different ________ and those are mostly secreted proteins, or cell surface attached proteins
antigens
When there is antigen excess or antibody excess the complexes formed will be ______
soluble
When there is antigen and antibody that is equal it will be _______
insoluble
What are insoluble antigen and antibody reactions called
immunoprecipitation
When can insoluble complexes of antigen-antibodies be visualized
by trapping the reagents and products in agarose (a purified form of agar that acts like a mesh)
how do you get the antibody solution and an antigen sample into adjacent wells in an agarose-containing dish
pipetting
What is a positive reaction for serological method of microbial identification
if the antigen and antibody enter the same location of the dish, and if the antibody recognizes the antigen, they will form a visible precipitate in the agarose
what does direct agglutination results show when soluble antibodies come in contact
clumping of a particulate antigen
What does passive agglutination result when the antigen or antibody has been couple to
insoluble particles such as latex beads
Antibodies can be chemically modified with ______ and used to detect antigen on intact cells by detection of its activity
enztme
What are these enzymes called
enzyme immunoassays
