Definitions for chapter 9

Question 1

Retrovirus

Answer 1

family of RNA viruses that have an enzyme (reverse transcriptase) capable of making a complementary DNA copy of the viral RNA, which then is integrated into a host cell’s DNA

Question 2

Ligase

Answer 2

enzyme that repairs breaks in DNA that occur during replication of the lagging strand

Question 3

Sigma factor

Answer 3

protein required for initiation of transcription by RNA poly in bacteria

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

specific sequence of DNA bases encoded in a genome

Question 5

tRNA

Answer 5

RNA with a cloverleaf shape that contains an anticodon and is responsible for bringing the correct AA to ribosome

Question 6

Retrovirus

Answer 6

a group of RNA viruses which insert a DNA copy of their genome into the host cell in order to replicate

Question 7

Transcription factor

Answer 7

protein that controls transcription of genes into mRNA

Question 8

Origin of replication

Answer 8

place on a chromosome where DNA rep begins

Question 9

Gene regulation

Answer 9

process used in all cells to control the timing, location, and amount in which genes are expressed

Question 10

In bacteria, genes coding for functionally related proteins are clustered along the DNA

Answer 10

operon

Question 11

Protein that unwinds DNA and relieves torsional stress

Answer 11

Topoisomerase

Question 12

Enzyme that separates complementary strands of DNA to allow DNA replication

Answer 12

helicase

Question 13

In EUK, part of a gene that will form a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing

Answer 13

exon

Question 14

sequence of three nucleotides that form a unit of genomic information encoding a particular AA

Answer 14

Codon

Question 15

a mutated gene that has the potential to cause cancer, may be caused by viral integration events

Answer 15

oncogene

Question 16

enzyme that transcribes RNA and catalyzes the formation of new phosphodiester bonds

Answer 16

RNA poly

Question 17

process of removing introns in EUK

Answer 17

RNA splicing

Question 18

The RNA version and transcribed version of a structural gene or genes encoded in DNA

Answer 18

mRNA

Question 19

During DNA rep, DNA is added in discontinuous chunks called ozaki fragments

Answer 19

lagging strand

Question 20

ribosome binding site in bacteria has this name

Answer 20

shine-dalgarno

Question 21

In EUK, part of a gene that will be removed by RNA spliccing

Answer 21

intron

Question 22

binds with ribosomal protein to form ribosomes, the protein translation factory of all cells

Answer 22

rRNA

Question 23

A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA

Answer 23

gene

Question 24

A trinucleitide sequence at one end of tRNA

Answer 24

anticodon

Question 25

the enzyme that adds new DNA bases and catalyzes phosphodiester bond formation

Answer 25

DNA poly

Question 26

Adds a small segment of RNA to allow DNA polymerase to bind and initiate DNA replication

Answer 26

primase

Question 27

any process that initiates or increases the freqeuncy or rate of production of a gene product

Answer 27

postiive control of gene expression

Question 28

During DNA rep, DNA is added continously in the 5’ to 3’ direction, one complementary base at a time

Answer 28

leading strand

Question 29

A complex molecular machine that carries out replication of DNA

Answer 29

codon