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Microbiology > Chapter 3 notes > Flashcards

Chapter 3 notes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define infection

A

a microbe that invades a human or other organism and causes illness and disease

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2
Q

What two things do growth of microbes include

A

–catabolic and anabolic process to increase cell size
–make more copies of itself

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3
Q

How do eukaryotes reproduce

A

sexually AKA meiosis

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4
Q

How do prokaryotes reproduce

A

binary fission

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5
Q

What does the parent cell of binary fission have

A

ribosomes and chromosomes

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6
Q

What are the steps of binary fission

A
  1. parent cell
  2. duplicating chromosomal DNA
  3. chromosomes separate and attach to cytoskeleton
  4. septum divides the cell in half
  5. two daughter cells
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7
Q

Out of the 2 daughter cells, which cell is the parent cell and which cell is the daughter cell

A

they’re both new parent

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8
Q

Equation for generation time

A

G = t/n

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9
Q

Define generation time

A

time per complete fission cycle of the population or doubling of population

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10
Q

growth can cause what with max rate of population

A

maxes out rate of binary fission

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11
Q

What is the equation for predicting population size over time

A

Nf = (Ni)2^n

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12
Q

What is the blood culture test

A

mix it with a medium, put sample in media to check for growth

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13
Q

Define incubated

A

grown under optimal conditions

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14
Q

Why do we streak plates

A

to isolate individual cells/colonies

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15
Q

CFU is the number of

A

visible colonies formed

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of H. infleunzae

A

gram negative
non motile coccobacillary
facultatively anaerobic

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17
Q

Is there blood agar growth in H. influenza

A

NO–BAP lack specific nutrients required for growth of H. influenza

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of S. Aureus

A

gram positive cocci
non motile
facultative anaerobe

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19
Q

is there growth in blood agar of S. aureus

A

yes beta

20
Q

Characteristics of M tuberculosis

A

gram positive rod shaped
strict aerobic, acid fast

21
Q

is there growth in blood agar of M. tuberculosis

A

yes, gamma

22
Q

Characteristics of S. pneumoniae

A

gram positive
coccus
aerotolerant anaerobe

23
Q

Is there blood agar growth in S. pneumoniae

A

yes alpha

24
Q

Define blood agar

A

rich medium containing 5% sheep blood that can differentiate bacteria based on their hemolytic properties

25
Q

Is blood agar complex media

A

yes

26
Q

What are the effects on RBC of alpha hemolysis

A

partial destruction

27
Q

What does alpha hemolysis look like on a plate

A

light colored green around colonies

28
Q

What is the effect of beta hemolysis on RBC

A

total destruction

29
Q

What will the plate look like with betal hemolysis

A

clear zones around colonies

30
Q

What are the effects of gamma hemolysis to RBC

A

no damage

31
Q

What does the plate look like with gamma hemolysis

A

no change on plate

32
Q

What do we measure to measure growth over time

A

turbidity

33
Q

What is the most accurate way to measure grwoth rate

A

viable plate counting

34
Q

The real image is projected to the _______ where it is magnified again to form the ______ image

A

real; virtual

35
Q

What are the visible wavelength of light

A

400nm to 750nm

36
Q

Define total magnification

A

product of the separate magnifying powers of the two lenses

37
Q

Electron waves are 100,000 times _______ than the waves of visible light

A

shorter

38
Q

What is the magnification for light micro

A

between 40x and 2000x

39
Q

What is the magnification for light micro

A

between 5,000x and 1,000,000x

40
Q

In electron microscopes the image is due to

A

electron scattering

41
Q

In light microscopes the image formation depends upon

A

light absorption in the object

42
Q

Define simple stains

A

use one dye to stick to cells and give them color

43
Q

Define negative stains

A

dye doesn’t color specimens but dries around its boundary forming a silhoutte

44
Q

In spore stains what color is the spore and cell

A

spore green
cell red

45
Q

What are the 3 differential stains

A

gram
spore
direct fluorescent

46
Q

What is a structural stain

A

special stain to enhance details

47
Q

What are the 2 structural stains

A

capsule stain
flagellar stain

Microbiology (29 decks)

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