Chapter 14 microbiology Flashcards
Non specific immunity
innate
specific immunity
adaptive
doesn’t change over course of life immunity
innate
acquired over the course of life immunity
adaptive
immunity with rapid response
innate
immunity with slow response and memory
adaptive
What are the 3 physical barriers of innate immunity
skin defenses
mucous membrane
flushing
Why are lysozyme antimicrobial
they cleave the PT resulting in osmotic lysis of bacterial cells
What do defensins do
break up cell membrane of microbes
What are cytokines
signalling proteins for the immune system
What do interleukins do
modulate almost every function of the immune system
What do chemokines do
recruit leukocytes to the site of infection, tissue damage, and inflammation (histamines)
What do interferons do
help defense against viruses by interfering with its viral replication
What is bacteremia
bacteria in blood
what is septicemia
bacteria reproducing in the blood as they spread
How does malaria spread
via vector (mosquitto)
What are the stages of malaria
sporozoites are injected into host blood
moves to the liver–develop into schizonts and release merozoites
this moves into blood stream and infect RBC
gametes are produced in the RBC and new mosquitto ingests these
White blood cells called ________ attak and ingest microbes in a non specific manner
phagocytosis
what are phagocytes able to do
recognize self vs non self
Leukocytes display special molecules on their membranes known as _________ on phagocytes, and those recognize __________ on _________
PRR; PAMP on pathogens
What part of phagocyte is directly responsible for the immune system recognizing self from non-self
PRR
______ and ________ migrate to the site of infection in response to chemical signals
monocytes and neutrophils
What is responsible for the deadly blow of enzmyes, ROS, acids, exocytosis of cellular debris
phagolysosomes
What will neutrophils do
expel or die and turn into pus
what will monocytes and dendritic cells do
become APC and present an antigen from the degraded material to create training for adaptive immunity
What happens right away to trigger inflammation
mast cells detect injury to nearby cells and release histamines to initiate an inflammatory response
What will histamines do in terms of inflammation
increase blood flow and swelling, and release of more proinflammatory chemicals
During inflamation neutrophils form pus and ________ help try to clear the pus and repaire the tissue
macrophages
What does SHARP stand for
swelling
heat
altered function
redness
pain
______ inflammation will resolve in days and results in tissue repair
acute
______ inflammation will lead to changes in leukocytes are deposited into new CT causing permanent damage
chronic
What resets the hypothalamus to cause fever
pyrogen
