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Microbiology > Chapter 14 microbiology > Flashcards

Chapter 14 microbiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Non specific immunity

A

innate

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2
Q

specific immunity

A

adaptive

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3
Q

doesn’t change over course of life immunity

A

innate

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4
Q

acquired over the course of life immunity

A

adaptive

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5
Q

immunity with rapid response

A

innate

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6
Q

immunity with slow response and memory

A

adaptive

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7
Q

What are the 3 physical barriers of innate immunity

A

skin defenses
mucous membrane
flushing

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8
Q

Why are lysozyme antimicrobial

A

they cleave the PT resulting in osmotic lysis of bacterial cells

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9
Q

What do defensins do

A

break up cell membrane of microbes

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10
Q

What are cytokines

A

signalling proteins for the immune system

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11
Q

What do interleukins do

A

modulate almost every function of the immune system

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12
Q

What do chemokines do

A

recruit leukocytes to the site of infection, tissue damage, and inflammation (histamines)

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13
Q

What do interferons do

A

help defense against viruses by interfering with its viral replication

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14
Q

What is bacteremia

A

bacteria in blood

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15
Q

what is septicemia

A

bacteria reproducing in the blood as they spread

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16
Q

How does malaria spread

A

via vector (mosquitto)

17
Q

What are the stages of malaria

A

sporozoites are injected into host blood

moves to the liver–develop into schizonts and release merozoites

this moves into blood stream and infect RBC

gametes are produced in the RBC and new mosquitto ingests these

18
Q

White blood cells called ________ attak and ingest microbes in a non specific manner

A

phagocytosis

19
Q

what are phagocytes able to do

A

recognize self vs non self

20
Q

Leukocytes display special molecules on their membranes known as _________ on phagocytes, and those recognize __________ on _________

A

PRR; PAMP on pathogens

21
Q

What part of phagocyte is directly responsible for the immune system recognizing self from non-self

A

PRR

22
Q

______ and ________ migrate to the site of infection in response to chemical signals

A

monocytes and neutrophils

23
Q

What is responsible for the deadly blow of enzmyes, ROS, acids, exocytosis of cellular debris

A

phagolysosomes

24
Q

What will neutrophils do

A

expel or die and turn into pus

25
Q

what will monocytes and dendritic cells do

A

become APC and present an antigen from the degraded material to create training for adaptive immunity

26
Q

What happens right away to trigger inflammation

A

mast cells detect injury to nearby cells and release histamines to initiate an inflammatory response

27
Q

What will histamines do in terms of inflammation

A

increase blood flow and swelling, and release of more proinflammatory chemicals

28
Q

During inflamation neutrophils form pus and ________ help try to clear the pus and repaire the tissue

A

macrophages

29
Q

What does SHARP stand for

A

swelling
heat
altered function
redness
pain

30
Q

______ inflammation will resolve in days and results in tissue repair

A

acute

31
Q

______ inflammation will lead to changes in leukocytes are deposited into new CT causing permanent damage

A

chronic

32
Q

What resets the hypothalamus to cause fever

A

pyrogen

Microbiology (29 decks)

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