Chapter 7 for Exam 2

Question 1

Microbes thrive pretty much everywhere on the planet earth, the main requirement is __________

Answer 1

liquid water

Question 2

A high pH = _________; the name for those microbes are

Answer 2

basic; alkalophiles

Question 3

A low pH = ___________; the name for those microbes are

Answer 3

acidic; acidophiles

Question 4

What do most microbes prefer for pH and what are they called

Answer 4

neutral pH of 6-8; neutrophiles

Question 5

Oxygen serves as what

Answer 5

the terminal electron acceptor for the electron transport chain during the metabolic process called aerobic respiration

Question 6

Define obligate aerobes

Answer 6

require O2 to grow (growth only in oxic zone)

Question 7

Define obligate anaerobes

Answer 7

O2 is toxic to them (only grow in anoxic zone)

Question 8

Define facultative anaerobes

Answer 8

prefer O2 but can grow without it (most growth at top of tube in oxic zone)

Question 9

Define aerotolerant anaerobe

Answer 9

prefer no O2 but can grow in it’s presence (most growth at the anoxic zone)

Question 10

Each individual species has an optimal temperature AKA __________ __________ for growth

Answer 10

cardinal temperature

Question 11

What can ice cause a cell to do

Answer 11

lysing AKA burst

Question 12

What biomolecule is most susceptible to temp changes

Answer 12

proteins

Question 13

proteins will __________ at high or low temps

Answer 13

denature

Question 14

psychrophile like

Answer 14

extreme cold temps below 15 C

Question 15

mesophile like

Answer 15

intermediate temps between 10 C - 50 C

Question 16

thermophile like

Answer 16

extreme hot temps above 45 C - 80 C

Question 17

Any microbe that like temps above 60 C are considered ___________ as eukaryotes

Answer 17

hyperthermophiles

Question 18

Any microbe that like temps above 60 C are considered ___________ as eukaryotes

Answer 18

hyperthermophiles

Question 19

Define planktonic

Answer 19

grows cells individually in a liquid

Question 20

Define biofilm

Answer 20

cells growing in a slimy group

Question 21

Antibiodies are more effective against

Answer 21

planktonic cells

Question 22

Define quorum sensing

Answer 22

cell to cell communication

Question 23

What gram bacteria is V. fischeri

Answer 23

negative

Question 24

What shape is V. fischeri

Answer 24

vibrio-shaped

Question 25

What type of oxygenation is V. fischeri

Answer 25

facultative anaerobe

Question 26

What type of energy and carbon source do V. fischeri use

Answer 26

Chemoheterotroph

Question 27

Define autoinducer

Answer 27

chemical signal used for bacteria to communicate

Question 28

at Low cell density…
how many autoinducers?

Answer 28

little

Question 29

At high cell density…
how many autoinducers?
what is the population size

Answer 29

many; a large

Question 30

Define symbiotic relationship

Answer 30

interactions between 2 non-species

Question 31

Parasitic relationships: one organism called ___________ receives nutritional or other advantages at the expense of the other organism called __________

Answer 31

parasite; host

Question 32

Define mutualism

Answer 32

both species benefit

Question 33

What is an e.g. of mutualism

Answer 33

V. Fischeri and the squid

Question 34

Define commensalism

Answer 34

1 species benefits while the other one remains neutral

Question 35

Define amensalism

Answer 35

1 species benefits while the other has a negative effect