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EVERYTHING ELMHURST > Intro to Psychology: Unit 3 Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Intro to Psychology: Unit 3 Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 aspects central to an individuals personality?

A

Consistency and Distinctiveness

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2
Q

What is Gordon Allport’s (1937) take on personality?

A

There are thousands of words to describe personality.

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3
Q

What is Raymond Cattell’s take on Personality?

A

Focused on Factor Analysis and its 16 personality dimensions.

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4
Q

What is Factor Analysis?

A

A statistical analysis of connections that identify close related variables.

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5
Q

Who created the Five-Factor Model of Personality and what are they? (HINT: OCEAN)

A

Mccrae and Costa
1. Openness to Experience
2. Conscientiousness (constraint)
3. Extraversion
4. Agreeableness
5. Neuroticism
“OCEAN”

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6
Q

The Big Five: Openness to Experience

A

Being curious, having an exploring character

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7
Q

The Big Five: Conscientiousness (constraint)

A

Being disciplined, well-organized, dependable

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8
Q

The Big Five: Extraversion

A

Outgoing, friendly, social

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9
Q

The Big Five: Agreeableness

A

Trusting, cooperative, modest

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10
Q

The Big Five: Neuroticism (negative emotionality)

A

Anxious, hostile, insecure, vulnerable.

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11
Q

Who created Psycodynamic theories and what does it focus on?

A

Sigmund Freud
Influence of early childhood experiences, unconscious motives, and sexual/aggressive urges.

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12
Q

What are the 3 components of personality according to Sigmund Freud?

A

Ego, Superego, Id

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13
Q

Define: Ego

A

Decision making component.
Kind of supervises the superego and ego to make a proper decision

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14
Q

Define: Superego

A

Moral part that incorporates social standards about what’s right or wrong.

Ex: Forgiving

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15
Q

Define: Id

A

Primitive, impulsive part of personality.

Ex: Toddlers

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16
Q

What conflict arises according to Freud on his 3 layers of personality?

A

Mental illness arises when there is conflict between the layers.

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17
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Rationalization

A

Justifying unacceptable behavior with excuses

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18
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Repression

A

Burying distressful thoughts within the unconscious.

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19
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Projection

A

Putting your own emotions onto someone else.

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20
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Reaction Formation

A

Behaving in a way that is opposite of your own feelings.

Ex: Acting like your not mad at your partner when you are.

21
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Regression

A

Reverting to an immature state of behavior.

Ex: Temper Tantrums or being sassy

22
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Identification

A

Making yourself like someone else to cope.

Ex: A child acting like the popular kid in his class because he feels insecure.

23
Q

Defense Mechanisms: Displacement

A

Diverting emotions from original source to an unrelated target.

Ex: Being mad at boss and then yelling at kids.

24
Q

What are Freud’s 5 Psychosexual Stages?

A

Oral (0-1)
Anal (2-3)
Phallic (4-5)
Latency (6-12)
Genital (puberty to adulthood)

25
Q

Freud’s 5 Psychosexual Stages: Oral

A

Ages 0-1
Focuses on the mouth being initial movement and understanding the mouths function during the first year.

26
Q

Freud’s 5 Psychosexual Stages: Anal

A

Ages 2-3
Where children learn to control bowels

27
Q

Freud’s 5 Psychosexual Stages: Phallic

A

Ages 4-5
Children become aware of their genitals.
Feel closer to opposite-sex parent

28
Q

Freud’s 5 Psychosexual Stages: Latency

A

6-12
Erotic urges are suppressed, nothing really happens

29
Q

Freud’s 5 Psychosexual Stages: Genital

A

Puberty-adulthood
Puberty begins, sexual urges reappear

30
Q

Who created the analytical theory and what is it?

A

Carl Jung
The unconscious mind is composed of two layers: Personal unconscious and collective unconscious

31
Q

According to Carl Jung, what is the personal unconscious?

A

Repressed memories

32
Q

According to Carl Jung, what is the collective unconscious?

A

Aspects/repressed information within the unconscious inherited from your ANCESTORS.

33
Q

What are the ancestral memories within the collective unconscious called?

A

Archetypes

34
Q

What is individual psychology and who created it?

A

Alfred Adler
Human motivation is dictated by a humans need in:
STRIVING FOR SUPERIORITY
and
COMPENSATION

35
Q

According to Alfred Adler, what does Striving for Superiority mean?

A

A universal drive to adapt, improve oneself, and master life challenges.

36
Q

According to Alfred Adler, what does Compensation mean?

A

Overcoming feelings of inferiority

37
Q

What is Determinism? (BF SKINNER)

A

Behavior is fully determined by environmental stimuli

38
Q

Who developed Social learning Theory, and what is it/what does it focus on?

A

Albert Bandura
Focuses on observational learning (behavior is shaped by exposure to peoples behavior we observed or, models.

39
Q

Who created Humanism and what is it?

A

Carl Rogers, belief in complete free will

40
Q

What is Person-Centered theory and what does it include?

A

Focuses on the needs of the individual.
Includes the idea of self concept which includes incongruence and congruence.

41
Q

Define: Self Concept

A

Beliefs about experiences, behavior, and yourself in general (your nature as a human being/how you’re unique)

42
Q

Define: Congruence

A

When a persons self concept is displayed in their actual experiences.

2 CIRCLES CLOSER TOGETHER

43
Q

Define: Incongruence

A

When a persons self concept exists separately from their reality and experiences.

2 CIRCLES FURTHER APART

44
Q

Who is Abraham Maslow and what did he do?

A

Influenced the Theory of Motivation, which states human motives are organized into a hierarchy of needs.

45
Q

STUDY THE HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

A
46
Q

What is Self-Actualizing Persons?

A

Ideal, compassionate personality that strives for growth.

47
Q

What does the biological theory state?

A

That we INHERIT our personality (aka its genetic)

48
Q

Who is Hans Eysenck?

A

He believes personal is genetically determined in individuals.

49
Q

Explain the Terror Management Theory

A

Self-esteem protects us against terror.
- Explains need for self esteem and self-preservation

EVERYTHING ELMHURST (32 decks)

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