Intro to Psychology: Unit 3 Chapter 11

Question 1

What are 2 aspects central to an individuals personality?

Answer 1

Consistency and Distinctiveness

Question 2

What is Gordon Allport’s (1937) take on personality?

Answer 2

There are thousands of words to describe personality.

Question 3

What is Raymond Cattell’s take on Personality?

Answer 3

Focused on Factor Analysis and its 16 personality dimensions.

Question 4

What is Factor Analysis?

Answer 4

A statistical analysis of connections that identify close related variables.

Question 5

Who created the Five-Factor Model of Personality and what are they? (HINT: OCEAN)

Answer 5

Mccrae and Costa
1. Openness to Experience
2. Conscientiousness (constraint)
3. Extraversion
4. Agreeableness
5. Neuroticism
“OCEAN”

Question 6

The Big Five: Openness to Experience

Answer 6

Being curious, having an exploring character

Question 7

The Big Five: Conscientiousness (constraint)

Answer 7

Being disciplined, well-organized, dependable

Question 8

The Big Five: Extraversion

Answer 8

Outgoing, friendly, social

Question 9

The Big Five: Agreeableness

Answer 9

Trusting, cooperative, modest

Question 10

The Big Five: Neuroticism (negative emotionality)

Answer 10

Anxious, hostile, insecure, vulnerable.

Question 11

Who created Psycodynamic theories and what does it focus on?

Answer 11

Sigmund Freud
Influence of early childhood experiences, unconscious motives, and sexual/aggressive urges.

Question 12

What are the 3 components of personality according to Sigmund Freud?

Answer 12

Ego, Superego, Id

Question 13

Define: Ego

Answer 13

Decision making component.
Kind of supervises the superego and ego to make a proper decision

Question 14

Define: Superego

Answer 14

Moral part that incorporates social standards about what’s right or wrong.

Ex: Forgiving

Question 15

Define: Id

Answer 15

Primitive, impulsive part of personality.

Ex: Toddlers

Question 16

What conflict arises according to Freud on his 3 layers of personality?

Answer 16

Mental illness arises when there is conflict between the layers.

Question 17

Defense Mechanisms: Rationalization

Answer 17

Justifying unacceptable behavior with excuses

Question 18

Defense Mechanisms: Repression

Answer 18

Burying distressful thoughts within the unconscious.

Question 19

Defense Mechanisms: Projection

Answer 19

Putting your own emotions onto someone else.

Question 20

Defense Mechanisms: Reaction Formation

Answer 20

Behaving in a way that is opposite of your own feelings.

Ex: Acting like your not mad at your partner when you are.

Question 21

Defense Mechanisms: Regression

Answer 21

Reverting to an immature state of behavior.

Ex: Temper Tantrums or being sassy

Question 22

Defense Mechanisms: Identification

Answer 22

Making yourself like someone else to cope.

Ex: A child acting like the popular kid in his class because he feels insecure.

Question 23

Defense Mechanisms: Displacement

Answer 23

Diverting emotions from original source to an unrelated target.

Ex: Being mad at boss and then yelling at kids.

Question 24

What are Freud’s 5 Psychosexual Stages?

Answer 24

Oral (0-1)
Anal (2-3)
Phallic (4-5)
Latency (6-12)
Genital (puberty to adulthood)

Question 25

Freud's 5 Psychosexual Stages: Oral

Answer 25

Ages 0-1 Focuses on the mouth being initial movement and understanding the mouths function during the first year.

Question 26

Freud's 5 Psychosexual Stages: Anal

Answer 26

Ages 2-3 Where children learn to control bowels

Question 27

Freud's 5 Psychosexual Stages: Phallic

Answer 27

Ages 4-5 Children become aware of their genitals. Feel closer to opposite-sex parent

Question 28

Freud's 5 Psychosexual Stages: Latency

Answer 28

6-12 Erotic urges are suppressed, nothing really happens

Question 29

Freud's 5 Psychosexual Stages: Genital

Answer 29

Puberty-adulthood Puberty begins, sexual urges reappear

Question 30

Who created the analytical theory and what is it?

Answer 30

Carl Jung The unconscious mind is composed of two layers: Personal unconscious and collective unconscious

Question 31

According to Carl Jung, what is the personal unconscious?

Answer 31

Repressed memories

Question 32

According to Carl Jung, what is the collective unconscious?

Answer 32

Aspects/repressed information within the unconscious inherited from your ANCESTORS.

Question 33

What are the ancestral memories within the collective unconscious called?

Answer 33

Archetypes

Question 34

What is individual psychology and who created it?

Answer 34

Alfred Adler Human motivation is dictated by a humans need in: STRIVING FOR SUPERIORITY and COMPENSATION

Question 35

According to Alfred Adler, what does Striving for Superiority mean?

Answer 35

A universal drive to adapt, improve oneself, and master life challenges.

Question 36

According to Alfred Adler, what does Compensation mean?

Answer 36

Overcoming feelings of inferiority

Question 37

What is Determinism? (BF SKINNER)

Answer 37

Behavior is fully determined by environmental stimuli

Question 38

Who developed Social learning Theory, and what is it/what does it focus on?

Answer 38

Albert Bandura Focuses on observational learning (behavior is shaped by exposure to peoples behavior we observed or, models.

Question 39

Who created Humanism and what is it?

Answer 39

Carl Rogers, belief in complete free will

Question 40

What is Person-Centered theory and what does it include?

Answer 40

Focuses on the needs of the individual. Includes the idea of self concept which includes incongruence and congruence.

Question 41

Define: Self Concept

Answer 41

Beliefs about experiences, behavior, and yourself in general (your nature as a human being/how you're unique)

Question 42

Define: Congruence

Answer 42

When a persons self concept is displayed in their actual experiences. 2 CIRCLES CLOSER TOGETHER

Question 43

Define: Incongruence

Answer 43

When a persons self concept exists separately from their reality and experiences. 2 CIRCLES FURTHER APART

Question 44

Who is Abraham Maslow and what did he do?

Answer 44

Influenced the Theory of Motivation, which states human motives are organized into a hierarchy of needs.

Question 45

STUDY THE HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Question 46

What is Self-Actualizing Persons?

Answer 46

Ideal, compassionate personality that strives for growth.

Question 47

What does the biological theory state?

Answer 47

That we INHERIT our personality (aka its genetic)

Question 48

Who is Hans Eysenck?

Answer 48

He believes personal is genetically determined in individuals.

Question 49

Explain the Terror Management Theory

Answer 49

Self-esteem protects us against terror. - Explains need for self esteem and self-preservation