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EVERYTHING ELMHURST > Anatomy: Post-Cranial Skeleton, Articulations, Joints > Flashcards

Anatomy: Post-Cranial Skeleton, Articulations, Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Sternum

A

Breastbone with three parts: body, xiphoid process, manubrium.

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2
Q

Manubrium

A

Upper part of the sternum.

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3
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

Small, pointed lower part of the sternum.

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4
Q

Costal Cartilage

A

Cartilage connecting ribs to the sternum.

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5
Q

True Ribs

A

First 7 pairs (directly attached to the sternum).

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5
Q

Clavicular Notch

A

Notch on the manubrium for clavicle attachment

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5
Q

Ribs

A

Curved bones forming the rib cage.

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6
Q

False Ribs

A

Ribs 8-10 (attached indirectly to the sternum).

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7
Q

Floating Ribs

A

Ribs 11-12 (not attached to the sternum).

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8
Q

Head (rib)

A

Rounded end of the rib that articulates with the vertebrae.

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9
Q

Tubercle

A

Bump on the rib that connects to vertebrae.

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10
Q

Shaft (rib)

A

Long, curved part of the rib.

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11
Q

Vertebrae

A

Individual bones forming the spine.

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11
Q

Vertebral Arch

A

Surrounds the vertebral foramen

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12
Q

Spinous Process

A

Projection on the back of a vertebra.

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13
Q

Lamina

A

Flat part of the vertebral arch.

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14
Q

Pedicle

A

Connects the body to the arch.

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15
Q

Vertebral Foramen

A

Opening for the spinal cord.

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16
Q

Transverse Process

A

Lateral projections from the vertebra.

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17
Q

Superior Articular Process

A

Articulates with the vertebra above.

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18
Q

Intervertebral Disc

A

Cartilage between vertebrae.

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18
Q

Inferior Articular Process

A

Articulates with the vertebra below.

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19
Q

Intervertebral Foramen

A

Openings for spinal nerves.

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20
Q

Cervical Vertebra

A

Vertebrae in the neck region

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21
Q

Atlas

A

First cervical vertebra, supports the skull.

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21
Q

Transverse Foramen

A

Holes in cervical vertebrae for blood vessels.

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21
Q

Anterior Tubercle

A

Small bump on the atlas.

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22
Q

Axis

A

Second cervical vertebra, allows rotation.

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22
Q

Superior Articular Facet

A

Surface for articulation with the skull.

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23
Q

Dens (Odontoid Process)

A

Projection on the axis for rotation.

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24
Q

Thoracic Vertebra

A

Vertebrae in the mid-back region.

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25
Q

Transverse Costal Face

A

Articulates with the ribs.

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25
Q

Sacrum

A

Triangular bone at the base of the spine

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26
Q

Median Sacral Crest

A

Bony ridge along the posterior sacrum.

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26
Q

Ala

A

Wing-like projections on the sacrum.

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27
Q

Sacral Promontory

A

Anterior projection of the sacrum.

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28
Q

Auricular Surface

A

Surface for hip bone articulation.

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29
Q

Sacral Canal

A

Passage for spinal nerves

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29
Q

Hyoid

A

U-shaped bone in the neck, supports the tongue.

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30
Q

Apex

A

Pointed end of the sacrum.

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30
Q

Coccyx

A

Small bone at the bottom of the vertebral column.

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31
Q

Pectoral Girdle

A

Bones supporting the upper limbs.

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32
Q

Acromion End

A

Lateral end of the clavicle.

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32
Q

Sternal End

A

Medial end of the clavicle.

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33
Q

Clavicle

A

Collarbone.

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33
Q

Conoid Tubercle

A

Bump on the clavicle for ligament attachment.

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34
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade.

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35
Q

Acromion

A

Projection on the scapula.

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35
Q

Superior Border

A

Top edge of the scapula.

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36
Q

Subscapular Fossa

A

Anterior surface of the scapula.

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37
Q

Coracoid Process

A

Hook-like projection on the scapula.

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38
Q

Glenoid Cavity

A

Socket for the humerus

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39
Q

Spine

A

Ridge on the posterior scapula.

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40
Q

Supraspinous Fossa

A

Above the spine of the scapula.

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41
Q

Infraspinous Fossa

A

Below the spine of the scapula.

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42
Q

Humerus

A

Bone of the upper arm.

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43
Q

Head

A

Rounded top of the humerus.

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44
Q

Lesser Tubercle

A

Smaller bump on the humerus.

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45
Q

Greater Tubercle

A

Larger bump on the humerus.

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46
Q

Intertubercular Sulcus

A

Groove between tubercles on the humerus.

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47
Q

Anatomical Neck

A

Slightly constricted area below the head.

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48
Q

Deltoid Tuberosity

A

Rough area for muscle attachment on the humerus.

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49
Q

Radial Fossa

A

Depression for the radius at the humerus.

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50
Q

Lateral Epicondyle

A

Outer bony prominence of the humerus.

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51
Q

Medial Epicondyle

A

Inner bony prominence of the humerus.

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52
Q

Capitulum

A

Round knob on the humerus for radius articulation.

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53
Q

Trochlea

A

Spool-shaped structure for ulna articulation.

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54
Q

Olecranon Fossa

A

Depression for the olecranon of the ulna.

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55
Q

Radius

A

Lateral bone of the forearm.

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55
Q

Radial Head

A

Round, flat part of the radius that articulates with the humerus.

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56
Q

Ulna

A

Medial bone of the forearm.

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57
Q

Styloid Process (Radius)

A

Bony prominence at the wrist end of the radius.

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58
Q

Radial Tuberosity

A

Bump for muscle attachment on the radius.

59
Q

Olecranon

A

Elbow projection of the ulna.

60
Q

Styloid Process (Ulna)

A

Bony prominence at the wrist end of the ulna

61
Q

Interosseous Membrane

A

Membrane connecting the radius and ulna.

62
Q

Radial Notch

A

Articulates with the radial head on the ulna

63
Q

Trochlear Notch

A

C-shaped notch on the ulna for humeral articulation.

64
Q

Carpals

A

Eight wrist bones.

64
Q

Coronoid Process

A

Projection on the ulna that fits into the humerus.

65
Q

Hamate

A

Carpal bone with a hook-like projection.

66
Q

Capitate

A

Largest carpal bone.

67
Q

Pisiform

A

Small carpal bone, pea-shaped.

68
Q

Triquetrum

A

Pyramid-shaped carpal bone.

69
Q

Lunate

A

Carpal bone that articulates with the radius.

70
Q

Trapezoid

A

Carpal bone, second from the thumb side.

71
Q

Trapezium

A

Carpal bone that articulates with the thumb.

72
Q

Scaphoid

A

Carpal bone located near the base of the thumb.

72
Q

Metacarpals (1-5)

A

Five bones of the hand.

73
Q

Phalanges (1-5)

A

Finger bones.

74
Q

Distal Phalange

A

Bone at the tip of the finger.

75
Q

Middle Phalange

A

Bone between the distal and proximal phalanges (not present in the thumb).

76
Q

Proximal Phalange

A

Bone closest to the hand.

77
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

Bones supporting the lower limbs.

77
Q

Pollex

A

Thumb

78
Q

Ilium

A

Uppermost part of the pelvis

79
Q

Auricular Surface

A

Surface for sacrum articulation on the ilium.

79
Q

Iliac Fossa

A

Large, concave surface on the ilium.

80
Q

Greater Sciatic Notch

A

Notch for sciatic nerve passage on the ilium.

81
Q

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

A

Prominent bony projection on the ilium.

82
Q

Iliac Crest

A

Top edge of the ilium.

83
Q

Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine

A

Lower bony projection on the ilium.

84
Q

Pubis

A

Anterior part of the pelvis.

85
Q

Pubic Symphysis

A

Cartilaginous joint between the pubic bones.

86
Q

Inferior Pubic Ramus

A

Bone extending down from the pubis.

87
Q

Superior Pubic Ramus

A

Bone extending up from the pubis.

88
Q

Pubic Body

A

Central part of the pubis.

89
Q

Ischium

A

Lower part of the pelvis.

89
Q

Pubic Arch

A

Arch formed by the pubic bones

90
Q

Ischial Spine

A

Projection on the ischium

91
Q

Ischial Ramus

A

Bone extending from the ischium.

92
Q

Ischial Ramus

A

Bone extending from the ischium.

93
Q

Ischial Tuberosity

A

Weight-bearing part of the ischium (sits bones).

93
Q

Acetabulum

A

Socket for hip joint.

94
Q

Pelvic Inlet

A

Upper opening of the pelvis.

94
Q

Obturator Foramen

A

Large opening in the pelvis.

95
Q

Pelvic Outlet

A

Lower opening of the pelvis.

96
Q

Pelvic Brim

A

Edge of the pelvic inlet.

97
Q

Male vs. Female Pelvis

A

Females have a wider pelvic inlet for childbirth.

98
Q

Femur

A

Thigh bone, longest bone in the body.

99
Q

Head (Femur)

A

Rounded top that fits into the acetabulum.

100
Q

Fovea Capitus

A

Small depression in the head of the femur.

101
Q

Lesser Trochanter

A

Small projection for muscle attachment on the femur.

102
Q

Greater Trochanter

A

Large projection for muscle attachment on the femur.

103
Q

Gluteal Tuberosity

A

Bump for gluteal muscle attachment.

104
Q

Linea Aspera

A

Ridge on the femur for muscle attachment.

105
Q

Intercondylar Fossa

A

Notch between the condyles of the femur.

106
Q

Lateral Epicondyle

A

Outer bony prominence of the femur.

107
Q

Lateral Condyle

A

Round projection on the outer side of the femur

108
Q

Medial Epicondyle

A

Inner bony prominence of the femur.

109
Q

Medial Condyle

A

Round projection on the inner side of the femur.

110
Q

Patella

A

Knee cap, protects the knee joint.

111
Q

Tibia

A

Larger, medial bone of the lower leg.

112
Q

Medial Condyle (Tibia)

A

Inner round projection of the tibia.

113
Q

Intercondylar Eminence

A

Raised area between the condyles on the tibia.

113
Q

Interosseous Membrane (Tibia)

A

Membrane between tibia and fibula.

114
Q

Lateral Condyle (Tibia)

A

Outer round projection of the tibia.

115
Q

Tibial Tuberosity

A

Bump on the tibia for patellar ligament attachment.

116
Q

Fibula

A

Smaller, lateral bone of the lower leg.

116
Q

Medial Malleolus

A

Inner bony prominence at the ankle.

117
Q

Head of Fibula

A

Upper end of the fibula that articulates with the tibia.

117
Q

Tarsals

A

Seven ankle bones.

118
Q

Lateral Malleolus

A

Outer bony prominence at the ankle.

119
Q

Lateral Cuneiform

A

Tarsal bone on the outer side of the foot.

120
Q

Intermediate Cuneiform

A

Middle tarsal bone.

121
Q

Medial Cuneiform

A

Tarsal bone on the inner side of the foot.

121
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel bone

122
Q

Talus

A

Tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula.

123
Q

Cuboid

A

Tarsal bone that articulates with the fourth and fifth metatarsals.

123
Q

Phalanges (1-5)

A

Toe bones.

123
Q

Navicular

A

Tarsal bone located in front of the talus.

124
Q

Metatarsals

A

Five bones of the foot.

124
Q

Distal Phalange (Toe)

A

Bone at the tip of the toe.

125
Q

Middle Phalange (Toe)

A

Bone between the distal and proximal phalanges (not present in the big toe).

126
Q

Proximal Phalange (Toe)

A

Bone closest to the foot.

127
Q

Hallux

A

Big toe (first digit).Fibrous Joint

128
Q

Fibrous Joint

A

Joints where bones are connected by dense connective tissue; no movement.

129
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Joint where bones are connected by a ligament; slightly movable (e.g., between tibia and fibula).

130
Q

Gomphosis

A

Peg-in-socket joint (e.g., teeth in their sockets).

131
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Joints connected by cartilage; allow limited movement.

132
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage (e.g., epiphyseal plates).

133
Q

Symphysis

A

Joint where bones are connected by fibrocartilage (e.g., pubic symphysis).

134
Q

Articular Capsule

A

Surrounds the joint; encloses the joint cavity.

135
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Freely movable joints with a joint cavity.

136
Q

Joint Cavity

A

Space containing synovial fluid.

136
Q

Fibrous Outer Layer

A

Tough outer layer of the articular capsule.

136
Q

Hinge Joint

A

Allows flexion and extension (e.g., elbow).

136
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Inner layer that secretes synovial fluid.

137
Q

Plane Joint

A

Allows sliding/gliding movements (e.g., intercarpal joints).

137
Q

Pivot Joint

A

Allows rotation (e.g., atlantoaxial joint).

138
Q

Condylar Joint

A

Allows movement in two planes (e.g., wrist).

139
Q

Ball & Socket Joint

A

Allows the most movement (e.g., shoulder, hip).

139
Q

Saddle Joint

A

Allows a wide range of motion (e.g., thumb).

140
Q

Knee Joint

A

Complex synovial joint; allows for flexion and extension.

140
Q

Fibular (Lateral) Collateral Ligament

A

Stabilizes the outer side of the knee.

141
Q

Tibial (Medial) Collateral Ligament

A

Stabilizes the inner side of the knee.

142
Q

Patellar Ligament

A

Connects patella to tibia; important for knee extension.

143
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

A

Prevents forward movement of the tibia.

144
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

A

Prevents backward movement of the tibia.

145
Q

Lateral Meniscus

A

Cartilage that cushions the outer side of the knee.

146
Q

Medial Meniscus

A

Cartilage that cushions the inner side of the knee.

EVERYTHING ELMHURST (21 decks)

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