Anatomy: Post-Cranial Skeleton, Articulations, Joints Flashcards
Sternum
Breastbone with three parts: body, xiphoid process, manubrium.
Manubrium
Upper part of the sternum.
Xiphoid Process
Small, pointed lower part of the sternum.
Costal Cartilage
Cartilage connecting ribs to the sternum.
True Ribs
First 7 pairs (directly attached to the sternum).
Clavicular Notch
Notch on the manubrium for clavicle attachment
Ribs
Curved bones forming the rib cage.
False Ribs
Ribs 8-10 (attached indirectly to the sternum).
Floating Ribs
Ribs 11-12 (not attached to the sternum).
Head (rib)
Rounded end of the rib that articulates with the vertebrae.
Tubercle
Bump on the rib that connects to vertebrae.
Shaft (rib)
Long, curved part of the rib.
Vertebrae
Individual bones forming the spine.
Vertebral Arch
Surrounds the vertebral foramen
Spinous Process
Projection on the back of a vertebra.
Lamina
Flat part of the vertebral arch.
Pedicle
Connects the body to the arch.
Vertebral Foramen
Opening for the spinal cord.
Transverse Process
Lateral projections from the vertebra.
Superior Articular Process
Articulates with the vertebra above.
Intervertebral Disc
Cartilage between vertebrae.
Inferior Articular Process
Articulates with the vertebra below.
Intervertebral Foramen
Openings for spinal nerves.
Cervical Vertebra
Vertebrae in the neck region
Atlas
First cervical vertebra, supports the skull.
Transverse Foramen
Holes in cervical vertebrae for blood vessels.
Anterior Tubercle
Small bump on the atlas.
Axis
Second cervical vertebra, allows rotation.
Superior Articular Facet
Surface for articulation with the skull.
Dens (Odontoid Process)
Projection on the axis for rotation.
Thoracic Vertebra
Vertebrae in the mid-back region.
Transverse Costal Face
Articulates with the ribs.
Sacrum
Triangular bone at the base of the spine
Median Sacral Crest
Bony ridge along the posterior sacrum.
Ala
Wing-like projections on the sacrum.
Sacral Promontory
Anterior projection of the sacrum.
Auricular Surface
Surface for hip bone articulation.
Sacral Canal
Passage for spinal nerves
Hyoid
U-shaped bone in the neck, supports the tongue.
Apex
Pointed end of the sacrum.
Coccyx
Small bone at the bottom of the vertebral column.
Pectoral Girdle
Bones supporting the upper limbs.
Acromion End
Lateral end of the clavicle.
Sternal End
Medial end of the clavicle.
Clavicle
Collarbone.
Conoid Tubercle
Bump on the clavicle for ligament attachment.
Scapula
Shoulder blade.
Acromion
Projection on the scapula.
Superior Border
Top edge of the scapula.
Subscapular Fossa
Anterior surface of the scapula.
Coracoid Process
Hook-like projection on the scapula.
Glenoid Cavity
Socket for the humerus
Spine
Ridge on the posterior scapula.
Supraspinous Fossa
Above the spine of the scapula.
Infraspinous Fossa
Below the spine of the scapula.
Humerus
Bone of the upper arm.
Head
Rounded top of the humerus.
Lesser Tubercle
Smaller bump on the humerus.
Greater Tubercle
Larger bump on the humerus.
Intertubercular Sulcus
Groove between tubercles on the humerus.
Anatomical Neck
Slightly constricted area below the head.
Deltoid Tuberosity
Rough area for muscle attachment on the humerus.
Radial Fossa
Depression for the radius at the humerus.
Lateral Epicondyle
Outer bony prominence of the humerus.
Medial Epicondyle
Inner bony prominence of the humerus.
Capitulum
Round knob on the humerus for radius articulation.
Trochlea
Spool-shaped structure for ulna articulation.
Olecranon Fossa
Depression for the olecranon of the ulna.
Radius
Lateral bone of the forearm.
Radial Head
Round, flat part of the radius that articulates with the humerus.
Ulna
Medial bone of the forearm.
Styloid Process (Radius)
Bony prominence at the wrist end of the radius.