Anatomy: Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 5 types of skeletal BONES?
Long (Pertains to length being much longer than width, not pertaining to actual size)
Short (as long as it is wide)
Flat
Irregular
sesamoid (tiny sesame-like bone attached to tendons)
What is the difference between the Compact (dense) and Spongey region of our bones?
Compact is the outer, more dense and hard part of our bones, while the Spongy bone refers to the inner sponge-like layer within our bones.
Where is Bone Marrow typically located & extracted?
Posterior iliac spine, and anterior superior iliac spine.
What are the intermembranes?
The area between the inner and outer nuclear membranes.
Essential for coordinating respiration and metabolic functions.
What is the Periosteum?
Composed of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue
Outer sheath BELOW the skin & above and outside the bones
Rich with blood vessels and nerves
What is the Diaphysis?
Shaft of each bone (middle region)
FOUND WITHIN JOINTS
What are Perforating fibers?
Made of collagen & anchors periosteum firmly to its underlying bone.
What is the Epiphysis?
The ends of every bone (both ends)
FOUND WITHIN JOINTS
What is the Medullary (marrow) Cavity?
A hollow space within the Diaphysis.
Contains Yellow marrow, typically more prevalent in adults (made of adipose and fat used for energy)
Contains Red marrow, more prevalent in kids use to produce more red blood cells.
What is the Endosteum?
Contains bone marrow, covers bony part of the spongy bone.
What are Epiphyseal lines?
Separates Dyaphysis & Epiphysis, and is the result of bone growth in children – lines are created once growth is complete, and bones ossify into the lines.
What are Epiphyseal plates (growth plates)?
Lines of Cartilage in children that contributes to growth & developing bones.
What is the Osseous Tissue?
Includes osteocytes (mature bone cells), osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), and osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells).
Made up of extracellular matrix and small scattered cells.
What is the Extracellular Matrix composed of? (2 parts)?
Inorganic matrix – makes up about 65% of bone’s
total weight
Consists of minerals
Stores most of the calcium ions & phosphorus
Strong & rigid
Organic matrix – makes up remaining 35%
Consists of collagen fibers
Flexible, absorbs physical stress
3 Types of Bone Cells: Osteocytes
Mature Bone-Cells that maintain bone tissue.
Senses mechanical stress and communicates to other bones
MAINTAINS Bone tissue
3 Types of Bone Cells: Osteoblasts
Bone-Forming cells responsible for bone matrix synthesis.
Produces collagen and other organic parts of the bone matrix.
BUILDS Bone tissue
3 Types of Bone Cells: Osteoclasts
Bone-Resorbing cells that breaks down bones by removing old or damaged cells.
BREAKS DOWN Bone tissue
What is the Osteon?
The basic structure of a compact bone.
What is the Central Canal of the Osteon?
Hollow channel that houses blood vessels and nerves.
Removes waste and provides nutrients to the bone
What is the Lamellae of the Osteon?
Layers of concentric bone matrix that surround the Central Canal.
Provides STRENGTH to the bone.
What is the Canaliculi of the Osteon?
Tiny channels that serve as a connection in order for communication and nutrition exchange between osteocytes.
What is the Lacunae of the Osteon?
Small cavities between lamellae
Contain Osteocytes (MAINTAINS Bone tissue)
Trabeculae
Ribs of bone
Obtains blood from BONE MARROW
Skeletal System: Axial Skeleton (3 parts)
Composed of skull, vertebrae column (spine), and rib cage
Protects, supports head and trunk, & facilitates movement
