Intro to Psychology: Unit 2 Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are our 5 senses?
Sight, sound, touch, taste, smell
Perception vs Sensation
Sensation is stimulation we sense, perception is how we interpret the sensory input.
How does light vary?
It varies in Amplitude and Wavelength.
What is the eye’s TWO main purposes?
- Provide a House for neural tissue that receives light
- Channel light toward the retina so it can be processed
Define: Retina
Neural tissue that is in the back of the eye. (absorbs light, processes it, sends it to the occipital lobe of the brain)
Define: Cornea
Clear outer layer, transparent window where light enters.
Define: Lens
Focuses the image onto the retina
Define: Iris
Colored ring, a muscle that adjusts the pupil
Define: Pupil
Black, middle part, adjust how much light is coming in.
Near-sightedness vs Far-sightedness
Near-sightedness is when you can see close up but not distance, while Far-sightedness is the opposite.
In Near Sightedness, the eye compresses from top to bottom, while in Far Sightedness, the eye compresses horizontally.
Cones vs Rods
Cons help us see color and fine details in bright light, while Rods are sensitive to light, and help with night vision/low light.
Explain the Visual Pathway
When we see, axon leaves back of the eye, forms an optic nerve, sends to thalamus, then to occipital lobe.
What is a reversible figure?
You see 2 different interpretations of an image if you shift your vision a little.
Define: Phi-phenomenon
Creates the illusion of movement
Define: Figure & Ground
Image is dependent on what you focus on.
Ex: Face between Vase
What are sound waves in the Auditory System?
Vibrations of molecules
What is Accommodation in Vision?
Occurs when the curvature of the lens adjusts to alter the focus.
Explain the process of Light entering through the eye?
The light passes through the cornea (window) first, then the pupil (black center), then the lens (like that of a
camera) and falls on the light sensitive surface of the retina (film or digital sensor), where the objects are
reflected upside down and flipped (mirrored).
What is Gestalt Psychology?
Maintains that the whole can be greater than the sum of its parts.
Ex: If a bunch of dots make a circle, we perceive the image as a circle rather than a group of dots working together to make a shape.
Characteristics of sound interact in sound perception and are characterized by _________, __________, and __________.
Wavelength (pitch), Amplitude (volume), & Purity (timbre)
Describe the external ear.
Pinna collects sound waves and it goes through the eardrum to the tympanic membrane.
Describe the middle ear.
Contains anvil (incus), hammer (malleus), and stirrup (stapes) which transmit sound waves to the inner ear via the oval window.
Describe the inner ear.
Contains cochlea which is spiral-shaped and collects info & sends it to the thalamus, which then transmits the info to the temporal lobe.
What is Taste (gustatory system) and what are the 4 primary tastes?
Chemical substances that dissolve in our saliva.
Sweet, salty, sour, bitter
What is Smell (olfactory system)?
Chemical Substances that dissolve in the mucus of the nose.
What is Touch?
Registered w/ mechanical, chemical., and thermal energy that is applied to the skin.
Where does the feeling of touch get relayed to in the body?
The spinal column & brainstem.
What is Gate-Control Theory?
How pain is blocked
Incoming pain sensations have to enter through a gate in the spinal cord.
We can control this via:
mentally, with time, or even epidurals.
What is Sensory Adaptation?
Gradual decline in sensitivity to prolonged stimulation.
STUDY BOTH EXTRA CREDITS
ART AND ILLUSION
VIEWMASTER AND VIEWCAMERA
