Intro to Psych: Unit 4 Chapter 14 Flashcards
What is the medical model in the context of psychological disorders?
Views abnormal behavior and mental illness as a disease.
Define: Diagnosis
Distinguishing one illness from another.
What are the 4 criteria in determining whether a behavior is normal vs abnormal? (4 D’s)
- Deviance
- Violating social norms - Distress
- How much it bothers them/causes anxiety - Dysfunction
- Can you fulfill your daily activities? - Danger
- Is the person subject to harm or to harming others?
YOU ONLY NEED THE PRESENCE OF ONE OF THESE TO LOOK FOR A DIAGNOSES.
Define: Comorbidity
Person has the presence of 2 or more diagnoses’
Ex: Anorexia & Depression
Define: Etiology
Looking for causation of the illness.
Define: Prognosis
The likely outcome or course of a disease.
Ex: A depressed patient may recover within a few months to a year.
Define: Prevalence
% of the population that has the disorder.
Ex: Anxiety is more prevalent in women.
Explain DSM.
- Diagnostic and Statistical Mental Disorders.
- Diagnose Mental Disorders
- Current Edition (2022) is DSM-5-TR, First edition was 1952
- Current Edition has over 360 Disorders
What are the 5 main Anxiety Disorders?
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Phobias
- Panic Disorder
- Agoraphobia
- Social Anxiety
5 main Anxiety Disorders: Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Chronic, high level of anxiety that is NOT tied to any specific threat.
- Worried about minor things
5 main Anxiety Disorders: Phobias
Irrational & persistent fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger.
5 main Anxiety Disorders: Panic Disorder
Marked by anxiety/panic attacks or overwhelming anxiety that are sudden and unexpected.
5 main Anxiety Disorders: Agoraphobia
A fear of going out to public places (usually a fear of experiencing panic in public).
- typically developed from panic disorder and vice versa.
5 main Anxiety Disorders: Social Anxiety
Irrational/constant fear of being judged or embarassed in social situations.
What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
Marked by OBSESSIONS, which are intrusive and uncontrollable thoughts, and COMPULSIONS which are engaging in behaviors to relieve the anxious thoughts.
Ex: Being obsessed with safety issues, and then checking to see if the doors locked 7 times and then check all the windows another 7 times.
What is PTSD?
Enduring psychological disturbance after a major traumatic event.
What is a Concordance Rate?
% of twin pairs that exhibit the same disorder
Evidence suggests there may be a link between anxiety/mental disorders and the neurotransmitter, ______
GABA
Many anxiety responses may be acquired through _____
CONDITIONING
What is Major Depressive Disorder?
Disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, despair, and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure.
Major Depressive Disorder vs Normal Depression
Normal depression is am emotion associated with everyday life and MDD is much longer in duration and involves a greater impairment of ADAPTIVE behavior.
What is Bipolar Disorders?
Characterized by manic episodes accompanied by periods of depression.
- Going from all-time highs, moments of excessive energy, to periods of all time lows, marked by low energy and depression.
3 Causes/Etiology of Depression & Bipolar Disorder
- Genetics
- Norepinephrine & Serotonin
- Learned Helplessness (Finding fault with themselves with everything)
Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa
Intense fear of gaining weight
DIAGNOSES REQUIRES: 15% BELOW BMI
- Person is unaware that their behavior is dangerous
Eating Disorders: Bulimia Nervosa
Out of control eating followed up by methods of getting rid of it (vomiting, purging, strict diet, strict exercise, etc.)
Eating Disorders: Binge-eating Disorder
Out of control eating (similar to Bulimia) but do not do anything after to mitigate the effects.
What are Dissociative Disorders?
Disorders where people lose contact with their consciousness which affects their identity in some way.
Dissociative Disorders: Dissociative Amnesia
Loss of memory for important information that can’t be due to normal forgetting.
Dissociative Disorders: Dissociative Identity Disorder (multi-personality disorder)
Multiple identities distinct from each other.
Dissociative Disorders: Dissociative Amnesia w/ Dissociative Fatigue
Lose memory and then forget their own identity.
What is Schizophrenia?
Distorted beliefs & perceptions; characterized by psychosis (out of touch with reality)
What are the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia?
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized Thought Processes (incoherent speech, disorganized behavior)
What are the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia?
- Flat Affect (Don’t have emotion)
- Alogia (Stop talking)
- Avolition (loss of motivation)
Schizophrenia is more likely to manifest/diagnosed before age _____ and is more prevalent in _____.
30; MEN
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Social communication is impaired, and there are receptive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
What is Echolalia in Autistic people?
Constant Repetition of words
In personality disorders, what disorders fall under CLUSTER A and what is Cluster A CHARACTERIZED BY?
Characterized by Odd Behaviors
- Paranoid Personality Disorder
- Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Schizotypical Personality Disorder
In personality disorders, what disorders fall under CLUSTER B and what is Cluster B CHARACTERIZED BY?
Antisocial personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Histrionic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
In personality disorders, what disorders fall under CLUSTER C and what is Cluster C CHARACTERIZED BY?
Characterized by Anxious Behavior
- Avoidant Personality Disorder
- Dependent Disorder
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
What is Antisocial Personality Disorder CHARACTERIZED by?
- Impulsive & Irresponsible
- Violates rights of others
- Shows no empathy or remorse
Ex: a School Shooter
What is Borderline Personality Disorder CHARACTERIZED by?
- Mood swings, instability in self-image
- Lacks impulse control
- May engage in self-destructive behaviors
(HAS TO DO WITH MOODS AND RELATIONSHIPS, YOU DON’T HAVE MANIC EPISODES OR DEPRESSION LIKE BIPOLAR DISORDER)
What is Narcissistic Personality Disorder CHARACTERIZED by?
- entitled
- intense self-centeredness
- don’t want to share attention
- Inconsiderate of others’ feelings
