Intro to Psych: Unit 4 Chapter 12

Question 1

What is Social Psychology?

Answer 1

How peoples thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by others.

Question 2

Prejudice vs Discrimination

Answer 2

Prejudice is a negative ATTITUDE towards a person because of their group membership while discrimination is the ACTION of behaving differently towards them.

Question 2

What are the 3 components of prejudice?

Answer 2

1. Cognitive (Thoughts about the group)
2. Affective (Emotional Reaction)
3. Behavioral (Discriminatory Action)

Question 3

What is an Ingroup?

Answer 3

Group one associates with or belongs with.

Ex: Ethnicity, culture, religion

Question 4

What is an outgroup?

Answer 4

A group you don’t identify with.

Question 5

What is the Social Identity Theory?

Answer 5

Ingroup favoritism & outgroup derogation occur because one’s social identity or pride in belonging to a group is being threatened.

Question 6

What are Attributions?

Answer 6

Inferences people draw regarding the causes if events, and other’/their own behavior.

Question 7

What are Internal Attributions?

Answer 7

Attributing causes of behavior TOWARDS the individual that is doing the behavior.

Ex: Someone who saves a lot of money is good with finances.

Question 8

What are External Attributions?

Answer 8

Attributing the cause of an individuals behavior being because of the situation or environment they are in.

Ex: Someone has to file bankruptcy because they lost their job during covid.

Question 9

What does the Fundamental Attribution Error state?

Answer 9

Observer’s bias in favor of explaining others behaviors through internal attributions.

We attribute our own behavior to situational causes (external attributions) and others to internal causes (internal attributions)..

Question 10

What is Self-Serving Bias?

Answer 10

Our successes are because of personal/internal factors, and our failures are because of situational factors.

Question 11

Define: Matching Hypothesis

Answer 11

Males & Females usually select each other based off of relative/equal attractiveness.

BIRDS OF A FEATHER FLOCK TOGETHER

Question 11

Triangular Theory of Love: Commitment

Answer 11

Intent to maintain a relationship.

Question 11

Triangular Theory of Love: Passion

Answer 11

Complete Absorption in another

Question 11

What type of theory does Romantic Love fall under?

Answer 11

Attachment Theory

Question 12

Triangular Theory of Love: Intimacy

Answer 12

Closeness and sharing. (Similar to passion)

Question 13

3 Patterns of Attachment: Secure

Answer 13

Describe their love relations as satisfying, trusting, and long-lasting

Question 13

Passionate vs Companionate Love

Answer 13

Passionate Love refers to intense and sexual feelings while Companionate Love is more to do with trust and involvement with one’s life.

Question 14

3 Patterns of Attachment: Avoidant

Answer 14

View love with expectations of rejection and marked by jealousy and inability to trust.

Question 15

3 Patterns of Attachment: Anxious/ambivalent

Answer 15

Very clingy, strong desire for closeness, but find heavy doubt and uncertainty. (insecure)

Question 16

What are the 3 components of the ABC Attitude Model?

Answer 16

A - Affect (emotional feelings)
B - Behavior (the way you act)
C - Cognitive (beliefs towards something)

Question 17

What are 3 things that can CHANGE Attitudes?

Answer 17

1. Evaluative Conditioning (weighing out options)
2. Operant Conditioning
3. Observational Learning

Question 17

Who created the Cognitive Dissonance Theory?

Answer 17

Leon Festinger

Question 18

Who is Solomon Asch?

Answer 18

Did an experiment to observe conformity.

Question 18

What is the Cognitive Dissonance Theory?

Answer 18

When attitudes or beliefs aren't synced, they create Cognitive Dissonance.

Question 18

What is Cognitive Dissonance?

Answer 18

The discomfort a person feels when their behavior does not align with their values or beliefs. Ex: You want to be healthy, but you don't exercise regularly or eat a nutritious diet. You feel guilty as a result. - YOU CHANGE, ALTER, OR SUBMIT TO YOUR BELIEFS AS A RESULT OF THIS MINDSET. (either you change your cognition or you change your behavior. I.e. Maybe smoking isn't that bad or you STOP smoking)

Question 19

What was Stanley Milgram troubled with regarding Obedience?

Answer 19

Nazi war criminals defend themselves by saying,"I was just following Orders"

Question 20

What was the experiment Stanley Milgram conducted?

Answer 20

"Shocks" learners for wrong answers They will continue to shock them despite feeling bad because they feel inclined to follow authoritative figures. This experiment was to determine how often ordinary people will obey a authoritative figure.

Question 21

What is the Bystander Effect?

Answer 21

A social phenomenon where people are less likely to provide help when they're in groups compared to when they're alone. GETTING HELP DECREASES AS GROUP SIZE INCREASES

Question 22

Bystander Effect occurs because of ________________.

Answer 22

DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY the belief that someone else will handle the problem.

Question 23

Define: Social Loafing

Answer 23

Reduction in effort of individuals when put in groups. PRODUCTIVITY DECREASES AS GROUP SIZE INCREASES

Question 24

Define: Group Polarization

Answer 24

Groups strengthen their POV after a group discussion.

Question 25

Define: GroupThink

Answer 25

Conforming with the group at the expense of critical thinking and "knowing otherwise" the phenomenon in which group members quickly align on certain decisions without critically evaluating

Question 26

Define: Group Cohesiveness

Answer 26

Relationship of joining together with others in order to feel a bond/sense of belonging.