Intro to Psych: Unit 4 Chapter 12 Flashcards
What is Social Psychology?
How peoples thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by others.
Prejudice vs Discrimination
Prejudice is a negative ATTITUDE towards a person because of their group membership while discrimination is the ACTION of behaving differently towards them.
What are the 3 components of prejudice?
- Cognitive (Thoughts about the group)
- Affective (Emotional Reaction)
- Behavioral (Discriminatory Action)
What is an Ingroup?
Group one associates with or belongs with.
Ex: Ethnicity, culture, religion
What is an outgroup?
A group you don’t identify with.
What is the Social Identity Theory?
Ingroup favoritism & outgroup derogation occur because one’s social identity or pride in belonging to a group is being threatened.
What are Attributions?
Inferences people draw regarding the causes if events, and other’/their own behavior.
What are Internal Attributions?
Attributing causes of behavior TOWARDS the individual that is doing the behavior.
Ex: Someone who saves a lot of money is good with finances.
What are External Attributions?
Attributing the cause of an individuals behavior being because of the situation or environment they are in.
Ex: Someone has to file bankruptcy because they lost their job during covid.
What does the Fundamental Attribution Error state?
Observer’s bias in favor of explaining others behaviors through internal attributions.
We attribute our own behavior to situational causes (external attributions) and others to internal causes (internal attributions)..
What is Self-Serving Bias?
Our successes are because of personal/internal factors, and our failures are because of situational factors.
Define: Matching Hypothesis
Males & Females usually select each other based off of relative/equal attractiveness.
BIRDS OF A FEATHER FLOCK TOGETHER
Triangular Theory of Love: Commitment
Intent to maintain a relationship.
Triangular Theory of Love: Passion
Complete Absorption in another
What type of theory does Romantic Love fall under?
Attachment Theory
Triangular Theory of Love: Intimacy
Closeness and sharing. (Similar to passion)
3 Patterns of Attachment: Secure
Describe their love relations as satisfying, trusting, and long-lasting
Passionate vs Companionate Love
Passionate Love refers to intense and sexual feelings while Companionate Love is more to do with trust and involvement with one’s life.
3 Patterns of Attachment: Avoidant
View love with expectations of rejection and marked by jealousy and inability to trust.
3 Patterns of Attachment: Anxious/ambivalent
Very clingy, strong desire for closeness, but find heavy doubt and uncertainty. (insecure)
What are the 3 components of the ABC Attitude Model?
A - Affect (emotional feelings)
B - Behavior (the way you act)
C - Cognitive (beliefs towards something)
What are 3 things that can CHANGE Attitudes?
- Evaluative Conditioning (weighing out options)
- Operant Conditioning
- Observational Learning
Who created the Cognitive Dissonance Theory?
Leon Festinger
Who is Solomon Asch?
Did an experiment to observe conformity.
What is the Cognitive Dissonance Theory?
When attitudes or beliefs aren’t synced, they create Cognitive Dissonance.
What is Cognitive Dissonance?
The discomfort a person feels when their behavior does not align with their values or beliefs.
Ex: You want to be healthy, but you don’t exercise regularly or eat a nutritious diet. You feel guilty as a result.
- YOU CHANGE, ALTER, OR SUBMIT TO YOUR BELIEFS AS A RESULT OF THIS MINDSET.
(either you change your cognition or you change your behavior. I.e. Maybe smoking isn’t that bad or you STOP smoking)
What was Stanley Milgram troubled with regarding Obedience?
Nazi war criminals defend themselves by saying,”I was just following Orders”
What was the experiment Stanley Milgram conducted?
“Shocks” learners for wrong answers
They will continue to shock them despite feeling bad because they feel inclined to follow authoritative figures.
This experiment was to determine how often ordinary people will obey a authoritative figure.
What is the Bystander Effect?
A social phenomenon where people are less likely to provide help when they’re in groups compared to when they’re alone.
GETTING HELP DECREASES AS GROUP SIZE INCREASES
Bystander Effect occurs because of ________________.
DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY
the belief that someone else will handle the problem.
Define: Social Loafing
Reduction in effort of individuals when put in groups.
PRODUCTIVITY DECREASES AS GROUP SIZE INCREASES
Define: Group Polarization
Groups strengthen their POV after a group discussion.
Define: GroupThink
Conforming with the group at the expense of critical thinking and “knowing otherwise”
the phenomenon in which group members quickly align on certain decisions without critically evaluating
Define: Group Cohesiveness
Relationship of joining together with others in order to feel a bond/sense of belonging.
