Anatomy: Everything Cells! Flashcards
Plasma Membrane
Outer boundary of the cell, allows for substances to move in or out.
Exocytic Transport Vesicle
Carries molecules to plasma membrane for release.
Golgi Apparatus
Packages proteins and lipids for delivery to the organelles.
Mitochondria
Powerhouse, main energy source.
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
No Ribosomes attaches – synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes attached – Protein synthesis, produces new membranes.
Chromatin
A complex of DNA and proteins found on the nucleus, which condense to form chromosomes during cell division.
Nucleolus
Inside of cell’s nucleus and produces & assembles ribosomes.
Nuclear Envelope
Double membrane structure that closes nucleus and separates it from cytoplasm.
Nuclear Pore
Allows for transport of molecules between Nucleus and Cytoplasm.
Nucleus
Control center of cell, houses genetic info and coordinates growth, metabolism, reproduction, etc.
Peroxisome
Breaks down fatty acids & detoxifies harmful substances.
Endocytic Transport Vesicle
Transports molecules from cell surface into cell.
Centrosome
Organizes mitotic spindle during cell division.
Centrioles
Cylindrical substances that organize microtubules during division.
Cytosol
Liquid part of cytoplasm that provides structural support.
Lysosomes
Breaks down macromolecules, old cell parts, and micro-organisms.
Cell Phases: Interphase
Cell grows, DNA is replicated
Cell Phases: Prophase
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
Cell Phases: Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell and single fibers attach to the centromeres of the cell.
Cell Phases: Anaphase
Separates genetic material of parent cell into two identical daughter cells.
Cell Phases: Telophase/Cytokinesis
FINAL STAGE – chromosomes move in opposite directions so two new cells can be formed from one.
DNA vs RNA
- DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix, while RNA is usually single-stranded.
- The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, whereas RNA contains ribose.
- DNA uses the bases adenine, THYMINE, cytosine, and guanine, while RNA uses adenine, URACIL, cytosine, and guanine.
