Anatomy: Everything Cells!

Question 1

Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

Outer boundary of the cell, allows for substances to move in or out.

Question 2

Exocytic Transport Vesicle

Answer 2

Carries molecules to plasma membrane for release.

Question 3

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 3

Packages proteins and lipids for delivery to the organelles.

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Powerhouse, main energy source.

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

Site of protein synthesis.

Question 6

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

No Ribosomes attaches – synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs

Question 7

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

Ribosomes attached – Protein synthesis, produces new membranes.

Question 8

Chromatin

Answer 8

A complex of DNA and proteins found on the nucleus, which condense to form chromosomes during cell division.

Question 9

Nucleolus

Answer 9

Inside of cell’s nucleus and produces & assembles ribosomes.

Question 9

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 9

Double membrane structure that closes nucleus and separates it from cytoplasm.

Question 10

Nuclear Pore

Answer 10

Allows for transport of molecules between Nucleus and Cytoplasm.

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

Control center of cell, houses genetic info and coordinates growth, metabolism, reproduction, etc.

Question 12

Peroxisome

Answer 12

Breaks down fatty acids & detoxifies harmful substances.

Question 13

Endocytic Transport Vesicle

Answer 13

Transports molecules from cell surface into cell.

Question 14

Centrosome

Answer 14

Organizes mitotic spindle during cell division.

Question 15

Centrioles

Answer 15

Cylindrical substances that organize microtubules during division.

Question 16

Cytosol

Answer 16

Liquid part of cytoplasm that provides structural support.

Question 17

Lysosomes

Answer 17

Breaks down macromolecules, old cell parts, and micro-organisms.

Question 18

Cell Phases: Interphase

Answer 18

Cell grows, DNA is replicated

Question 19

Cell Phases: Prophase

Answer 19

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.

Question 20

Cell Phases: Metaphase

Answer 20

Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell and single fibers attach to the centromeres of the cell.

Question 21

Cell Phases: Anaphase

Answer 21

Separates genetic material of parent cell into two identical daughter cells.

Question 22

Cell Phases: Telophase/Cytokinesis

Answer 22

FINAL STAGE – chromosomes move in opposite directions so two new cells can be formed from one.

Question 23

DNA vs RNA

Answer 23

1. DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix, while RNA is usually single-stranded.
2. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, whereas RNA contains ribose.
3. DNA uses the bases adenine, THYMINE, cytosine, and guanine, while RNA uses adenine, URACIL, cytosine, and guanine.