Anatomy- Cranial Nerves

Question 1

Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory (CN I)

Answer 1

Type: Sensory
Function: Smell (olfaction)
Damage: Loss of smell (anosmia)

Question 2

Cranial Nerve II: Optic (CN II)

Answer 2

Type: Sensory
Function: Vision
Damage: Blindness, loss of visual field

Question 3

Cranial Nerve III: Oculomotor (CN III)

Answer 3

Type: Motor
Function: Eye movement (up, down, medially), pupil constriction, eyelid elevation
Damage: Ptosis (drooping eyelid), dilated pupil, difficulty moving eye (ophthalmoplegia)

Question 4

Cranial Nerve IV: Trochlear (CN IV)

Answer 4

Type: Motor
Function: Eye movement (down and inward)
Damage: Double vision, difficulty looking down (especially when reading)

Question 5

Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal (CN V)

Answer 5

Type: Mixed (Sensory & Motor)
Function: Sensation from the face (touch, pain, temperature) and motor for chewing muscles
Damage: Loss of sensation on the face, difficulty chewing, trigeminal neuralgia (sharp facial pain)

Question 6

Cranial Nerve VI: Abducens (CN VI)

Answer 6

Type: Motor
Function: Eye movement (lateral)
Damage: Inability to move eye laterally, diplopia (double vision)

Question 7

Cranial Nerve VII: Facial (CN VII)

Answer 7

Type: Mixed (Sensory & Motor)
Function: Facial expressions, taste from the front 2/3 of the tongue, salivation, lacrimation
Damage: Bell’s palsy (facial droop, loss of taste in front of the tongue), difficulty closing eye or smiling

Question 8

Cranial Nerve VIII: Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

Answer 8

Type: Sensory
Function: Hearing and balance
Damage: Hearing loss, dizziness, balance problems (vertigo)

Question 9

Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Answer 9

Type: Mixed (Sensory & Motor)
Function: Taste from the back 1/3 of the tongue, swallowing, salivation, monitors blood pressure and oxygen levels
Damage: Loss of taste in the back of the tongue, difficulty swallowing, loss of gag reflex

Question 10

Cranial N X: Vagus (CN X)

Answer 10

Type: Mixed (Sensory & Motor)
Function: Controls muscles for speech and swallowing, heart rate, digestion
Damage: Hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, loss of gag reflex, irregular heart rate

Question 11

Cranial Nerve XI: Accessory (CN XI)

Answer 11

Type: Motor
Function: Controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles for head/neck movement
Damage: Weakness in shoulder shrug or head rotation

Question 12

Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal (CN XII)

Answer 12

Type: Motor
Function: Controls tongue movement
Damage: Difficulty speaking or swallowing, tongue atrophy or weakness on one side