Intro to Psych: Unit 4 Chapter 13

Question 1

What does the Biopsychosocial model hold?

Answer 1

Physical illness is caused by a complex interaction of BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, and SOCIOCULTURAL factors

Question 2

What is Health Psychology?

Answer 2

Field of study that seeks to determine the importance of psychological factors in illness, as well in prevention and health maintenance.

Question 3

4 Principle Types of Stress: Frustration

Answer 3

Stress experienced when the pursuit of a goal is impeded or halted.

Question 4

Define: Stress

Answer 4

Any circumstance that threatens or is PERCEIVED to threaten one’s well-being and burden one’s coping ability.

STRESS IS SUBJECTIVE “LIES IN THE MIND OF THE BEHOLDER”

Question 5

4 Principle Types of Stress: Change

Answer 5

Any noticeable alteration in one’s living circumstances.

Question 6

4 Principle Types of Stress: Pressure

Answer 6

Comes from expectations or demands that on behave in a certain way.

MOST PRESSURE IS SELF-IMPOSED

Question 7

4 Principle Types of Stress: Internal Conflict

Answer 7

Stress arising from competing demands or causes.

Question 8

3 Types of Internal Conflict: Approach-Approach

Answer 8

Choosing between two desirable options

Ex: Choosing between two great vacation spots

Question 9

3 Types of Internal Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance

Answer 9

Choosing between two undesirable options

Ex: Choosing to have to do clean dishes or clean the tables

Question 10

3 Types of Internal Conflict: Approach-Avoidance

Answer 10

Choosing between something desirable and something undesirable

Ex: wanting a promotion at work but fearing the increased responsibility that comes with it

Question 11

Who developed General Adaptation Syndrome?

Answer 11

Hans Selye

Question 12

What are the 3 phases of General Adaptation Syndrome?

Answer 12

1. Alarm Reaction phase
   - Recognizing the existence of a threat. Arousal increases
2. Stage of Resistance phase
   - Physiological arousal stabilizes at a high level to cope
3. Stage of Exhaustion
   - Physiological resources are depleted, leading to exhaustion and physical diseases

Question 13

There are 2 major pathways along the brain which sends signals in response to stress. What initiates both pathways?

Answer 13

THE HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 14

What is the order of events in the first major pathway in brain-response signals to stress?

Answer 14

Hypothalamus, activates sympathetic nervous system, activates adrenal gland, and releases corticoid steroids.

Question 15

What is the order of events in the second major pathway in brain-response signals to stress?

Answer 15

Hypothalamus to the pituitary gland, activates ATCH, which stimulates adrenal gland, and releases corticoid steroids.

Question 16

What is coping?

Answer 16

Efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress.

Question 17

What is Constructive Coping?

Answer 17

Healthy behavioral efforts to deal with stress.

Question 18

What are the 4 Appraisal-Focused Strategies of Constructive Coping?

Answer 18

1. Confront Problems Directly
2. Avoid Negative Thinking
3. Reassess stressful events in less threatening ways.
4. Ensuring physical health/that your body is healthy

Question 19

What is Learned Helplessness?

Answer 19

A person feels like they lose all control of a situation because of repeatedly experiencing a stressful event.

Question 20

What’s a Type A Personality and what are some risks?

Answer 20

Characterized by being overly-competitive, impatient, hostile.

Risks: Heart disease, asthma, hypertension, migraine, etc.

Question 21

What’s a Type B Personality and what are some risks?

Answer 21

Very flexible, easy-going, relaxed, less driven by a sense of urge.

Risks: Decreases immune system which make you more vulnerable to sickness.

Question 22

What is Social Support?

Answer 22

Types of aid provided by members of one’s social networks.

Question 23

Social support is _________ correlated with mortality

Answer 23

INVERSELY

Question 24

______ appears to lead to more effective coping with stress and has been fund to correlate with good physical health.

Answer 24

OPTIMISM

Question 25

___________ relates to increased longevity because it correlates too better health habits.

Answer 25

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS (state of being responsible, self-disciplined, etc)

Question 26

What are the 3 most Health-Impairing Behaviors?

Answer 26

1. Smoking
2. Alcohol/drugs
3. Poor Nutrition & Lack of Exercise

Question 27

STUDY EXTRA CREDIT!

As Stress INCREASES, so does the risk of getting a ______

Answer 27

COLD