Anatomy: Anatomy, Physiology, & Homeostasis Flashcards
What is Metabolism?
All the chemical reactions in your body. these include synthesizing (building up) or breaking down.
What happens in the process of GROWTH in living organisms?
Building up or SYNTHESIS occurs instead of breaking down. There is an increase in size & quantity of cells.
What is Excretion?
Eliminating harmful waste products created by metabolic processes.
What is responsiveness in the body?
Reacting to stimulus/things in the environment.
Homeostasis in dummy terms?
Your body reacting to stimulus that affects metabolic processes.
Homeostasis in advanced terms?
Your body maintaining stability and function while ADJUSTING to change or stimulus. (Maintaining INTERNAL environment)
What is Sexual Reproduction?
Two organisms create a genetically-ALIKE offspring.
What is Asexual Reproduction?
A genetically-IDENTICAL offspring is created by a single parent.
Explain the Hierarchy of Body Systems
From the chemical level all he way to the organism level. Essentially atoms and molecules join together to make cells, which join together to make tissues, which join together to make organs, which join together to create an organ system, and the sum of all organ systems is what creates the ORGANISM. Goes from 1 (the lowest chemical level) to 6 (the ORGANISM level)
What is the Anatomical Position?
Body standing upright, arms at the side with palms facing forward, feet flat and shoulder width apart. Also includes the PLANES. (saggital, frontal, transversal)
DIRECTIONAL TERM: Anterior
Front location
DIRECTIONAL TERM: Posterior
Back location
DIRECTIONAL TERM: Medial
Midline
DIRECTIONAL TERM: Superior (cranial)
Towards the head (upwards)
DIRECTIONAL TERM: Inferior (caudal)
towards the tail (downwards)
DIRECTIONAL TERM: Proximal
Closer to point of origin
DIRECTIONAL TERM: Distal
Further from point of origin
DIRECTIONAL TERM: Lateral
Towards the side
DIRECTIONAL TERM: Superficial
Structures closer to body’s surface
DIRECTIONAL TERM: Deep
Structures further from body’s surface
What does the axial region of the body consist of?
Head, neck, trunk/torso
What does the appendicular region of the body consist of?
Upper and Lower limbs (arms and legs)
What is the sagittal plane?
Divides body into left & right
What is the parasagittal plane?
Divides body into unequal portions
What is the midsagittal plane? (median plane)
The midline which splits the body into 2 halves.
What is the frontal plane?
Divides body into anterior and posterior.
What is the transverse plane?
Divides body into inferior and superior.
What is the oblique plane?
Only used to examine at an angle when 3 planes are not useful.
What are cavities?
Any fluid-filled space in the body
What are Serous Membranes and what do they consist of?
Sheets of tissue that surround, protects, and cushions INDIVIDUAL organs. The consist of a Visceral layer which makes contact with the organ, and a Parietal layer which is the outer layer, and in between both layers is serous fluid which separates the layers. (although they are 2 separated layers, its still one continuous sheet of tissue)
What is a CT scan?
Ionizing radiation, a detailed examination of abnormalities and the body.
What is an X-Ray scan?
Ionizing radiation, detects abnormalities -less detailed than a CT scan.
What is an MRI scan?
A detailed, complex, 3d image of every internal structure within the human body.
What is Positive Feedback in Homeostasis?
Body’s extreme response to things that NEED to be fixed/finished. (ex: childbirth, blood clots)
What is Negative Feedback in Homeostasis?
Responses to things in which the body tries to keep a variable at a NORMAL range. (ex: the body heating itself up in cold weather) **MORE COMMON THAN POSITIVE
What is a Setpoint in relation to Homeostasis?
An ideal point/spot
What is a variable in relation to Homeostasis?
Parameters affected by the feedback system.
How are responses TRIGGERED in Homeostasis?
A variable experiences a Stimulus, then Receptors detect a CHANGE In the variable, which then leads to the control centers comparing the variable to the set point value, which is used to signal the effectors in generating a response.
Steady-state vs equilibrium
Steady state refers to the requirement of energy to maintain balance, while equilibrium is a state of no energy change, and all directional reactions are equal.
5 Core Concepts: Evolution
Life changing and being modified over time. Ex: Humans and gorillas having a common ancestor and evolving into their respective species as a means of adaptation, genetic change, and/or mutation.
5 Core Concepts: Structure & Function
The structural complexity of an organism & how it allows it to operate. Ex: The skeleton being a support for day-to-day functions.
5 Core Concepts: Information Flow
The behavior of organisms is seen through the expression of genetic information. Ex: DNA & RNA, hormone regulation, the process of genetic info being passed onto offsprings
5 Core Concepts: Pathways of Energy
The body being transformed and changed from metabolic processes, and utilizing energy to maintain life. Ex: HOMEOSTASIS
5 Core Concepts: Systems
Systems in living organisms work together and interact to create optimal results. Ex: Respiratory system brings air and delivers oxygen to the circulatory system which carries the oxygen throughout the body.
DIRECTIONAL TERM: Ipsolateral
Same side – Ex: SUBJECT’s left arm and left leg
DIRECTIONAL TERM: Contralateral
Opposite sides – Ex: SUBJECT’s left arm and right leg
DIRECTIONAL TERM: Intermedial
The area in between the midline and lateral.
What are the 6 Characteristics of LIFE?
Growth & development, excretion, reproduction, responsiveness, utilization of materials, homeostasis.
