IASM 68: Principles of Sterilization, Disinfection and Control

Question 1

What are the 2 most common hospital acquired infections

Answer 1

Hospital acquired pneumonia

Catheter associated urinary tract infection

Question 2

Arrange the following according to Resistance Towards Disinfectants (Highest in order = Highest Resistance)

Bacteria
Enveloped Viruses
Fungi
Mycobacteria
Non-enveloped viruses
Prions
Spores

Answer 2

Arrange the following according to Resistance Towards Disinfectants (Highest in order = Highest Resistance)

Prions
Spores
Mycobacteria
Non-enveloped viruses
Fungi
Bacteria 
Enveloped Viruses

(PSMN FBE)

Question 3

Name 1 route how pathogens can be transmitted via direct contact

Name an example of this as well

Answer 3

Body mucosal surface to another

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 4

Name 2 routes how pathogens can be transmitted via indirect contact

Name a DISTINCTIVE example of this as well

Answer 4

Via a contaminated intermediate object

Clostridium difficile

Question 5

Name 2 routes how pathogens can be transmitted via droplets. The droplets deposit on _____ membrane.

Name an DISTINCTIVE example of this as well

Answer 5

Coughing, Sneezing, Talking
Deposits on mucous membrane

Influenza Virus

Question 6

Name 1 route how pathogens can be transmitted via droplet nuclei/ airborne. They deposit in lower _________ and also _______.

Name an DISTINCTIVE example of this as well

Answer 6

Evaporated aerosols
Deposit in lower respiratory tract and also lungs.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Measles virus, VZV (Chickenpox), Smallpox

Question 7

Name 3 other routes of transmission besides
Contact, Indirect Contact, Droplets and Airborne
1.
2.
3.

Answer 7

Blood
Food and water
Vector

Question 8

What are included in Tier 1: Standard Precautions?

Answer 8

Hand Hygiene
Disinfecting with soap and water
Alcohol
Wearing PPE

Question 9

Diseases spread by direct contact
Patient Placement: What type of room is required?
What are required?
Are masks necessary

Answer 9

Single room with closed doors
Gloves and gown
No masks

Question 10

Diseases spread by droplets
Patient Placement: What type of room is required?
What should patients wear
What should healthcare workers wear

Answer 10

Single room with closed doors
Mask
Mask

Question 11

Diseases spread by airborne
Patient Placement: What type of room is required?
What are required by healthcare workers

Answer 11

Airborne infection isolation room with negative pressure
N95 mask
PPE

Question 12

Sterilization
What does it mean
What level of killing is it up to

Answer 12

Completely eliminate all microbes including spores

Eliminate Spores and the stuff below

Question 13

For equipment to enter the following areas
What type of cleaning shall they undergo
- intact skin
- mucous membrane
- sterile areas of the body
- blood

Answer 13

• intact skin: low to intermediate level disinfection
• mucous membrane: High level disinfection
• sterile areas of the body: Sterilization
• blood: Sterilization