IASM 67: Non-specific Defense Mechanism

Question 1

Type of immunity that is natural is called ______ immunity. Type of immunity is acquired is called ______ immunity.

Answer 1

Innate

Acquired

Question 2

Non Specific Defense Barriers

• Anatomical: _____ + ______
• Chemical: ______ + ______
• Microbiological: __________

Answer 2

Non Specific Defense Barriers

• Anatomical: Skin + Mucosa
• Chemical: Lysozyme + Pepsin
• Microbiological: Normal Flora

Question 3

Natural killer cells will release

_______ and _______ to destroy the target

Answer 3

Perforin and Granzymes

Question 4

Name the 4 stages of Phagocytosis
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 4

Chemotaxis (macrophage attracted)
Adherence (Phagocytes gather closer and form pseudopods)
Ingestion (Lysosome break down pathogen)
Digestion

Question 5

Phagocytosis in erythrocyte clearance

• Compare the level of CD47 in healthy RBCs and also aged RBCs
• How would it proceed

Answer 5

Aged RBCs have a lower level of CD47 compared to healthy RBCs

Loss of CD47 and sialic acids will stimulate the phagocytes to clear up the RBCs

Question 6

Acute phase Proteins are synthesized by ______ cells. How does it work?

What is this called?

Answer 6

Synthesized by liver cells.
Bind to the surface of pathogens and make them more detectable to stimulate phagocytosis
Opsonization

Question 7

Complements

• Antibody and Antigen Complex activates the _______ pathway
• Microorganisms activates the ______ pathway

Answer 7

Complements

• Antibody and Antigen Complex activates the classical pathway
• Microorganisms activates the alternative pathway

Question 8

Complement Pathway

• Activates Complement _____
• Produces ______ and _______ fragments
• Activate ___ to ______

Answer 8

Complement Pathway

• Activates Complement C3
• Produces C3a and C3b fragments
• Activate C5 to C9

Question 9

Complement Pathway
- Activates Complement C3
- Produces C3a and C3b fragments 
- C3a stimulates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- C3b stimulates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Then, formation of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ on the pathogen and the cellular contents leak out.

Answer 9

Complement Pathway
- Activates Complement C3
- Produces C3a and C3b fragments 
- C3a stimulates leukocytes
- C3b stimulates phagocytosis
Then, formation of membrane attack complex on the pathogen and the cellular contents leak out.

Question 10

Interferons, where are they produced from?

• Alpha: _________________
• Beta: ___________________
• Gamma: __________________

Note: Alpha and Beta Interferons are Type 1 Interferons.
Gamma Interferons are Type 2 Interferons.

Answer 10

Interferons

• Alpha: Virus-infected leukocytes
• Beta: Virus-infected fibroblasts
• Gamma: T-lymphocytes

C3a: Stimulate Leukocytes
A for Alpha- Virus infected leukocytes

C3b: Stimulate Phagocytes
B for Blast