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Anatomy > Exam #6: Review > Flashcards

Exam #6: Review Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle

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2
Q

What ligaments compose the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  • Anterior & posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

- Interclavicular ligament

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3
Q

What are the anterior axio-appendicular muscles?

A

Pectoralis major
Pectorialis minor
Subclavus
Serratus anterior

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4
Q

A patient presents in your office with a right winged scapula & he is unable to raise his right arm over his head. What is the muscle & nerve most likely involved?

A

Serratus anterior
Long thoracic nerve
C5, C6, C7

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5
Q

What are the three actions of the latissimus dorsi on the humerus?

A

Extension
Medial rotation
ADduction

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6
Q

List the four muscles that depress the shoulder.

A

Pectoralis muscles
Latissimus dorsi
Trapezius
Serratus anterior

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7
Q

What muscles superiorly rotate the scapula?

A

Trapezius

Serratus anterior

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8
Q

What muscles inferiorly rotate the scapula?

A

Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapula
Rhomboids
Pectoralis

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9
Q

What is the action of the subscapularis?

A

Medial rotation of the humerus

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10
Q

What two anastamoses occur in the region of the scapula?

A

1) Dorsal scapular & thoracodorsal

2) Suprascapular & circumflex scapular

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11
Q

What does the C8 myotome control?

A

Digital flexion

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12
Q

Outline the cutaneous innervation to the upper limb.

A

Plate 400

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13
Q

What three bones does the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris insert on?

A

Hamate (hook/ hamulus)
Pisiform
MC V

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14
Q

Origin of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Distal radius & interosseous membrane

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15
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Base of the distal palanx on digit 1

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16
Q

What are the two branches of the Profunda Brachii?

A

Middle collateral a.

Radial collateral a.

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17
Q

What does the superficial branch of the radial nerve innervate?

A

Cutaneous to dorsum of the hand

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18
Q

What is the posterior interosseous nerve?

A

Termination of the deep branch of the radial nerve after innervation of the supinator

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19
Q

What is the origin of the brachioradialis?

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge

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20
Q

What is the insertion of the brachioradialis?

A

Styloid process of the radius

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21
Q

What are the muscles of the deep group of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

1) Supinator
2) Abductor pollicis longus
3) Extensor pollicis longus
4) Extensor pollicis brevis

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22
Q

What is the origin of the supinator?

A

Lateral epicondyle

Olecranon process

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23
Q

What is the origin of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior ulna
Interosseous membrane
Ulna

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24
Q

What is the insertion of abductor pollicis longus?

A

Base of MC I

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25
Q

What is the origin of the extensor pollicis longus? Insertion?

A

Posterior ulna
Interosseous membrane

–>Distal phalanx

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26
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis? Insertion?

A

Posterior radius
Interosseous membrane

–>Proximal phalanx

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27
Q

What is the origin of the extensor indicis?

A

Posterior ulna

Interosseous membrane

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28
Q

What is the typical presentation of a Colle’s fracture?

A

Dorsal displacement of the radius following a FOOSH

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29
Q

How many heads are there to the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

2

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30
Q

What nerves innervate the two heads to the flexor pollicis brevis?

A 
Superficial= recurrent branch of the median
Deep= ulnar
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31
Q

What is the function of the lumbricals?

A
  • Flex MCP

- Extend PIP & DIP

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32
Q

What branch of the median nerve innervates the lumbricals?

A

Palmar digital

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33
Q

What muscles form the superficial layer of gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

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34
Q

What muscles form the deep layer of gluteal muscles?

A 
Piriformis 
Obtruator Internus 
Superior Gemellus 
Inferior Gemellus 
Quadratus Femoris
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35
Q

What is the function of the gluteus maximus?

A

Extension & lateral rotation of the thigh

*Note that this most is used in rising from a sitting position & running

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36
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal

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37
Q

What is the action of the gluteus medius?

A

1) ABduction & medial rotation of the thigh

2) With the gluteus minimus, stops hip from sagging on unsupported side

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38
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal

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39
Q

What is the action of the gluteus minimus?

A

ABduction & medial rotation of the thigh

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40
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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41
Q

What does a positive Trendelenburg Sign indicate?

A

Damage to the superior gluteal nerve

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42
Q

What nerves innervate the piriformis?

A

S1 & S2

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43
Q

What is the function of the piriformis?

A

Lateral rotation of the thigh

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44
Q

What nerves innervate the Obtruator Internus?

A

L5, S1, & S2

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45
Q

What is the function of the Obtruator Internus?

A

1) Lateral rotation
2) Extension
3) Abduction of flexed thigh

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46
Q

What nerve innervates the superior gemellus?

A

Nerve to the obtruator internus, L5, S1, & S2

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47
Q

What is the action of the superior gemellus?

A

Same as the obtruator internus

1) Lateral rotation
2) Extension
3) Abduction of flexed thigh

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48
Q

What nerve innervates the inferior gemellus?

A

Same as the quadratus femoris

L5 & S1

49
Q

What is the action of the inferior gemellus?

A

Same as the obtruator internus

1) Lateral rotation
2) Extension
3) Abduction of flexed thigh

50
Q

What nerve innervates the quadratus femoris?

A

Nerve to the quadratus femoris (L5 & S1)

51
Q

What is the function of the quadratus femoris?

A

Lateral rotation of the thigh

52
Q

What is the lumbar plexus?

A

Anterior ramii of L1-L4

53
Q

What is the obtruator nerve?

A

Anterior ramii of L2-L4

54
Q

What does the obtruator nerve innervate?

A

Adductor muscles

55
Q

What is the femoral nerve?

A

Anterior ramii of L2-L4

56
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

Iliacus
Flexors of the hip
Extensors of the knee

57
Q

What is the lumbosacral trunk?

A

Anterior ramii of L4-5 that participates in the formation of the sacral plexus

58
Q

What are the ilio-inguinal & iliohypogastic nerves?

A

Anterior ramus of L1

59
Q

What do the ilio-inguinal & iliohypogastic nerves supply?

A

Abdominal muscles

Skin of the pubic & inguinal regions

60
Q

What is the genitofemoral nerve?

A

Anterior ramii of L1-L2

61
Q

What is the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

Anterior ramii of L2-L3

62
Q

What does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Skin on the anterolateral surface of the thigh

63
Q

What does the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve, & the ilioinguinal nerve innervate in the thigh?

A

Proximal medial thigh

64
Q

What does the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A

Skin over the femoral triangle

65
Q

What does the medial cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve innervate?

A

Skin to the medial thigh

66
Q

What does the intermediate cutaneous branch of the femoral innervate?

A

Skin of the distal anterior thigh

67
Q

Where does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve originate?

A

Sacral plexus, S1-S3

68
Q

What does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Posterior thigh & popliteal region

69
Q

What is the general function of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Flexion on the thigh & extension of the knee

70
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, & L4)

71
Q

List the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh.

A 
Sartorius 
Quadriceps femoris
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis 
- Vastus medialis 
- Vastus intermedius 
Articularis genu
Iliopsoas 
- Psoas major
- Iliacus 
Tensor Fascia Lata
72
Q

What is the general function of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

73
Q

What nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

74
Q

What are the exceptions to the general innervation of the medial compartment?

A

The adductor magnus splits into 2x portions:

1) Adductor part
2) Hamstring part–innervated by the TIBIAL nerve

The pectineus muscle is innervated by BOTH the femoral and obturator nerves

75
Q

List the muscles of the medial compartment.

A 
Pectineus 
Adductor longus 
Adductor brevis 
Adductor magnus 
Gracilis 
Obturator externus
76
Q

What is the general function of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Flexion of the thigh

77
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Tibial nerve

78
Q

What is the exception to the general innervation of the posterior compartment?

A

The biceps femoris splits into 2x heads:

1) Long head
2) Short head (lateral)–which is innervated by the COMMON PERONEAL nerve

79
Q

List the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh.

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

80
Q

What nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the lower leg & foot?

A

Saphenous nerve (distal extension of the femoral nerve)

81
Q

What muscles are innervated by the anterior division of the obturator nerve?

A

Adductor longus
Grascilis
Adductor brevis
Pecteineus

82
Q

What muscles are innervated by the posterior division of the obturator nerve?

A

Obtruator externus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus

83
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the medial part of the thigh, proximal to the knee?

A

Obtruator nerve

84
Q

What is the major function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Dorsiflexion of the ankle & extension of the toes

85
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment?

A

Deep Peroneal Nerve

86
Q

What nerve is most commonly injured in the lower leg?

A

Common peroneal nerve

87
Q

Why is the common peroneal nerve the most commonly injured nerve in the lower leg?

A
  • It has a superficial & lateral position

- It winds around the fibular neck, leaving it vulnerable to direct trauma

88
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of severance of the common peroneal nerve?

A

“Footdrop”

  • Loss of innervation to BOTH the anterior & lateral compartments of the LE
  • Loss of dorsiflexion (and eversion) results in classic “footdrop”
89
Q

What is the major function of the lateral compartment?

A

Eversion of the foot

90
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral compartment?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

91
Q

What muscles are contained within the lateral compartment?

A

1) Peroneus Longus

2) Peroneus Brevis

92
Q

What are the general functions of the posterior compartment?

A

Plantarflexion & inversion

93
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment? What spinal levels does this nerve originate from?

A

Tibial nerve (L4-S3)

94
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment?

A

1) Gastrocnemuis
2) Soleus
3) Plantaris

95
Q

What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

1) Popliteus
2) Flexor digitorum longus
3) Flexor hallucis longus
4) Tibialis posterior

96
Q

What nerve supplies the skin on the medial side of the lower leg? What nerve is this nerve a branch of? What vertebral levels does this nerve arise from?

A

The saphenous nerve supplies the medial side of the lower leg; it is a branch of the femoral nerve, and arises from L3-L4

97
Q

What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral aspect of the lower extremity?

A

Lateral sural cutaneous nerve

98
Q

What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the posterior (small strip) aspect of the leg, & lateral foot?

A

Medial sural cutaneous nerve

99
Q

What nerve is lateral sural cutaneous nerve a branch of?

A

Common peroneal nerve

100
Q

What nerve is the medial sural cutaneous nerve a branch of?

A

Tibial nerve

101
Q

What is the sural communicating nerve?

A

A branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve that joins medial sural cutaneous

102
Q

What nerve innervates the medial side of the foot, as far as the 1st metatarsal (Dorsum)?

A

Saphenous nerve (L3, L4)

103
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral aspect of the foot, proximal to the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal (Dorsum)?

A

Lateral dorsal cutaneous branch of the sural nerve (S1, S2)

104
Q

What nerve innervates the middle part of the dorsum of the foot & the medial aspect of the great toe?

A

Medial & intermediate dorsal cutaneous branches of the superficial peroneal nerve

105
Q

What nerve innervates the web-space between the great toe & the second toe?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

106
Q

What nerve innervates the heel?

A

Medial calcaneal branch of the Tibial Nerve (S1, S2)

107
Q

What nerve innervates the medial aspect of the plantar foot, proximal to the great toe?

A

Saphenous nerve (L3, L4)

108
Q

What nerve innervates the ball of the foot & medial 3.5 toes?

A

Medial Plantar Nerve (L4, L5)

109
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral 1.5 toes?

A

Lateral Plantar Nerve (S1 & S2)

110
Q

What are the three main ligaments of the hip?

A

1) Iliofemoral ligament
2) Pubofemoral ligament
3) Ischiofemoral ligament

111
Q

What is the main function of the ligaments of the hip?

A

Prevention of hyperextension

112
Q

What is the strongest & widest ligament of the hip?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

113
Q

What are the attachments of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

AIIS and intertrochanteric line

114
Q

What are the specific functions of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension & external rotation

115
Q

Where does the pubofemoral ligament attach?

A

Superior ramus of the pubis & obturator crest to iliofemoral ligament

116
Q

What are the specific functions of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents hyperextension, external rotation, and ABduction

117
Q

Describe the arrangement of the ischiofemoral ligament.

A

Spirals from the ischial body to the femoral neck

118
Q

What is the functional outcome of the spiral arrangement of the ischiofemoral ligament?

A

Extension winds the spiraling ligaments & fibers more tightly, constricting the capsule & drawing the femoral head tightly into the acetabulum–>stability

119
Q

What are the specific functions of the ischiofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents hyperextension & internal rotation

Anatomy (35 decks)

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