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Anatomy > Exam #4: Pelvis I > Flashcards

Exam #4: Pelvis I Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the arcuate line? How is the arcuate line related to the pectineal line?

A

Arcuate line= medial aspect of the ilium

Pectineal line= continuation of the arcuate line on the pubis

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2
Q

What forms the obtruator foramen?

A

Ramii of the pubis & ischium

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3
Q

What defines the pelvic brim?

A

1) Pectinal line of pubis
2) Arcuate line of ilium
3) Sacral promontory

*Also known as pelvic inlet

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4
Q

Greater pelvis vs. lesser pelvis

A

Lesser pelvis= inferior to true pelvis defined by the pelvic brim & superior to pelvic outlet
Greater pelvis= lower part of the abdominal cavity, superior to pelvic inlet

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5
Q

What is the sacrospinous ligament?

A

Ligament connecting sacrum to iliac spine

- Forms the greater sciatic foramen

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6
Q

What is the sacrotuberous ligament?

A

Ligament connecting sacrum to ischial tuberosity

- Forms the lesser sciatic foramen

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7
Q

What are the sex differences between the male & female pelvis? Specifically address: Ileum, pelvic inlet, pelvic canal, ischial tuberosity & spine, greater sciatic notch, subpubic angle, & coccyx.

A 
Ileum
- Male= elongated 
- Female= flared & lateral
Pelvic inlet
- Male= heart-shaped
- Female= oval/ round 
Ischial tuberosity & spine
- Male= not everted & partially obstructs pelvic outlet
- Female= everted 
Greater sciatic notch
- Male= narrow
- Female= broader
Subpubic angle
Coccyx
- Male= anterior; partially obstructs like IT & spine 
- Female= more posterior
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8
Q

What muscle forms the lateral muscular wall of the pelvis?

A

Obtruator internus (overlies the obtruator foramen)

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9
Q

Where does the obtruator internus attach?

A

Femur’s greater trochanter

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10
Q

What muscle forms the posterior muscular wall of the pelvis?

A

Piriformis muscle

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11
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the piriformis muscle?

A

“Bed” for the sacral nerve plexus

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12
Q

What is the important anatomical landmark of the pelvic floor?

A

Ischial spine

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13
Q

What overlies the ischial spine?

A

Tendinous arch where the muscles of the pelvic floor attach

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14
Q

What two groups of muscles form the pelvic floor i.e. pelvic diaphragm?

A
  • Levator ani

- Coccygeus

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15
Q

What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

1) Support of abdominal viscera in times of increased intra-abdominal pressure
2) Aid in voluntary control of urination & defecation

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16
Q

What muscles form the levator ani?

A

1) Puborectalis- forms muscular sling arising from pubis that wraps around rectum
2) Pubococcygeus- pubis & tendinous arch–>coccyx
3) Iliococcygeus- tendinous arch & ischial spine–> blend w/ pubococcygeus

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17
Q

What is the function of the puborectalis?

A

Maintain fecal continence

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18
Q

Clinically, & esp. when performing a hysterectomy, what is important to remember about the ureters?

A

In females, ureters pass medial to the uterine arteries

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19
Q

What structure criss-crosses the ureters in males?

A

Ductus Deferens

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20
Q

What spinal levels provide sympathetic innervation to the ureters? How is this important clinically?

A
  • T11-L2

- Responsible for waves of descending referred pain w/ renal stones

21
Q

What provides parasympathetic innervation to the ureters?

A

S2-4 & some vagus

22
Q

What are the four different parts of the bladder?

A 
Apex= anterosuperior aspect near pubic symphysis 
Fundus= posterior wall 
Body= between apex & fundus
Neck= Inferior constriction of bladder
23
Q

What is the trigone?

A

Triangle between ureteric orifices (posterior) & internal ureteric meatus (neck of bladder)

24
Q

What muscle forms the walls of the bladder?

A

Detrusor muscle

25
Q

What gives men extra voluntary control of urination?

A

Internal uretheral sphincter= muscular swellings in the neck of the bladder

26
Q

What are the four parts of the male urethra?

A

1) Preprostatic= neck of bladder–>prostate
2) Prostatic= within prostate & largest
3) Intermediate/ Membranous= narrowest & passes through external urethral sphincter
4) Spongy= Longest

27
Q

Where is a renal stone most likely to be lodged in a male?

A

Membranous urethra (narrowest portion of the urethra)

28
Q

What is the function of the prostate?

A

Produces fluids that support & maintain sperm

29
Q

What are the parts of the prostatic urethra?

A

Uretheral Crest
Seminal colliculus
Prostatic Ducts
Ejaculatory Ducts

30
Q

What is the uretheral crest?

A

Enlarged part of the posterior prostatic urethera

31
Q

What is the seminal colliculus?

A

Extension of the uretheral crest

32
Q

What are the prostatic ducts?

A

Ducts that empty into prostatic sinuses adjacent to the seminal colliculus

33
Q

What are the ejaculatory ducts?

A

Ducts that convey sperm from the testes, emptying at the seminal colliculus

34
Q

What are the four parts of the uterine tube?

A

1) Infundibilum- funnel-shaped w/ fimbrae
2) Ampulla- widest & longest
3) Isthmus- entering uterine horns
4) Uterine part- short segment in uterine wall

35
Q

What are the two parts of the uterus?

A

1) Body

2) Cervix

36
Q

What are the parts of the body of the uterus?

A
  • Fundus= superior to uterine tubes
  • Uterine horns= entrance into uterine tubes
  • Isthmus= constricted region superior to cervix
37
Q

What is the ovarian ligament?

A

Ligament that attaches ovary to uterus

38
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

Ligament that attaches uterus to labia majora

39
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

Mesentery of the uterus

40
Q

What are the subdivisions of the broad ligament?

A
  • Suspensory ligament
  • Mesovarium
  • Mesosalpinx
  • Mesometrium
41
Q

What is the suspensory ligament?

A

Conveys ovarian vessels, lymphatics, & nerves

42
Q

Mesovarium

A

Suspends ovary

43
Q

Mesosalpinx

A

Suspends uterine tube

44
Q

Mesometrium

A

Suspends most of uterus

45
Q

What is the retropubic space?

A

Space between the anterior surface of the bladder & the pubic symphysis

46
Q

What are the last two branches of the external iliac artery?

A

Inferior epigastric artery & Deep circumflex iliac arteries

47
Q

What are the two locations an aberrant obturator artery may arise from?

A

1) Inferior epigastric artery

2) External iliac artery

48
Q

What two major structures is the uterus located between?

A

Bladder & Rectum

Anatomy (35 decks)

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