Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Exam #5: Leg > Flashcards

Exam #5: Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two bones of the leg? Which of these bones is weight-bearing?

A

1) Tibia*
2) Fibula

*Weight bearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What connects the two leg bones?

A

Interosseous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four compartments of the leg?

A

1) Anterior
2) Lateral
3) Superficial Posterior
4) Deep Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the major function of the muscles in the anterior compartment?

A

Dorsiflexion of the ankle & extension of the toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment?

A

Deep Peroneal Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What artery supplies the structures of the anterior compartment?

A

Anterior tibial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the four muscles of the anterior compartment?

A

1) Tibialis anterior
2) Extensor digitorum longus
3) Extensor hallucis longus
4) Peroneus tertius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the anterior compartment?

A

Anterior to the interosseous membrane, between the anterior intermuscular septum & tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the origin of the Tibialis Anterior?

A

Tibia & interosseous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the insertion of the Tibialis Anterior?

A

Medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the origin of the Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL)?

A

Fibula & interosseous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the insertion of the Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL)?

A

Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe (hallux)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the origin of the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)?

A

Tibia, fibula, & interosseous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the insertion of the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)?

A

Middle & distal phalanges of toes 2-5 (lateral 4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the origin of the Peroneus Tertius?

A

Fibula & interosseous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the insertion of the Peroneus Tertius?

A

Base of the 5th metatarsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the deepest muscle of the anterior compartment?

A

Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the Anterior Tibial artery enter the anterior compartment?

A

Branches from the Popliteal artery & passes through a hole in the interosseous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the branches of the Anterior Tibial artery?

A

1) Tibial recurrent
2) Anterior medial malleolar
3) Anterior lateral malleolar
4) Dorsalis pedis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are shin splints? What anatomical structures are involved?

A

Shin splints are pain and edema to the distal 2/3 of the tibia caused by repetitive microtrauma to the anterior tibialis m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What nerve is most commonly injured in the lower leg?

A

Common peroneal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is the common peroneal nerve the most commonly injured nerve in the lower leg?

A
  • It has a superficial & lateral position

- It winds around the fibular neck, leaving it vulnerable to direct trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of severance of the common peroneal nerve?

A

“Footdrop”

  • Loss of innervation to BOTH the anterior & lateral compartments of the LE
  • Loss of dorsiflexion (and eversion) results in classic “footdrop”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Increased pressure within a compartment compromises the circulation and function of the tissues within that space

  • Anterior compartment is most commonly effected
  • Most cases of “Acute Compartment Syndrome (ACS)” are the result of tibial fracture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the major function of the lateral compartment?
Eversion of the foot
26
What nerve innervates the lateral compartment?
Superficial peroneal nerve
27
What arteries supply the lateral compartment?
The lateral compartment DOES NOT have an artery coursing through it; rather, it is supplied by perforating branches from: - Anterior compartment's Anterior Tibial a. - Posterior compartment's Peroneal a.
28
What muscles are contained within the lateral compartment?
1) Peroneus Longus | 2) Peroneus Brevis
29
Where is the lateral compartment?
Bounded by the lateral surface of the fibula & the atnerior & posterior intermuscular septa
30
What is the origin of the Peroneus Longus?
Lateral Fibula
31
What is the insertion of the Peroneus Longus?
Base of the 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform
32
What is the origin of the Peroneus Brevis?
Lateral Fibula
33
What is the insertion of the Peroneus Brevis?
Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal
34
What is the smallest compartment of the LE?
Lateral compartment
35
What are the general functions of the posterior compartment?
Plantarflexion & inversion
36
What divides the posterior compartment into superficial & deep posterior compartments?
Transverse intermuscular septum
37
What nerve innervates the posterior compartment? What spinal levels does this nerve originate from?
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
38
What artery supplies the posterior compartment?
Posterior tibial artery
39
What are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment?
1) Gastrocnemuis 2) Soleus 3) Plantaris
40
What is the function of the Gastronemuis?
1) Flexes the leg at the knee joint 2) Plantar flexes the foot *Note that the Gastronemius crosses both the knee and ankle joints; thus, it can act on both joints. However, it cannot act on both joints at the same time.
41
What is the function of the Soleus?
The Soleus is an anti-gravity muscle with fibers that are continuously active during standing; it does not have any action at the knee like the Gastronemuis
42
What is the Triceps surae?
Grastronemuis and soleus together; perform 95% of the plantar flexion of the foot *Note that the relatively large size of these muscles is a human characteristics
43
What is the function of the plantaris?
The plantaris is an organ or proprioception that is absent in 5-10% of the population *Note that because of its relatively minor motor role, it is harvested for grafting e.g. for reconstruction of the tendons of the hand
44
What is the origin of the Gastrocnemius?
Lateral & medial condyles of the femur
45
What is the insertion of the Gastrocnemius?
Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
46
What is the origin of the Soleus?
Fibula & soleal line of the tibia
47
What is the insertion of the Soleus?
Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
48
What is the origin of the Plantaris?
Lateral supracondylar line of the femur
49
What is the insertion of the Plantaris?
Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
50
Where to all of the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment insert?
Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
51
What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
1) Popliteus 2) Flexor digitorum longus 3) Flexor hallucis longus 4) Tibialis posterior
52
What is the action of the Popliteus?
Unlocks the knee joint by laterally rotating the femur 5 degrees
53
What is the origin of the Popliteus?
Lateral condyle of the femur
54
What is the insertion of the Popliteus?
Superior to the soleal line of the tibia
55
What is the origin of the Flexor Digitorum Longus?
Tibia, inferior to the soleal line
56
What is the insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Longus?
The base of the lateral four distal phalanges
57
What is the origin of the Flexor Hallicus Longus?
Fibula & interosseous membrane
58
What is the insertion of the Flexor Hallicus Longus?
The base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
59
What is the origin of the Tibialis Posterior?
Tibia, fibula, & interosseous membrane
60
What is the insertion of the Tibialis Posterior?
Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, & bases of the middle three metatarsals (2-4)
61
What arteries branch off the Posterior Tibial artery? What artery is the Posterior Tibial a branch of?
The popliteal artery branches into the Posterior Tibial & Anterior Tibial arteries on the posterior aspect of the LE. The Posterior Tibial a. gives off the following branches: 1) Peroneal 2) Posterior medial malleolar 3) Posterior medial calcaneal 4) Medial & lateral plantar arteries (foot)
62
Where is the peroneal artery in the lower extremity? Where is the posterior tibial artery?
The posterior tibial artery is medial; peroneal (fibular) is lateral *In some cases the peroneal MAY be larger than the posterior tibial
63
What are the branches of the Peroneal artery?
1) Perforating branch to the lateral compartment 2) Muscular branches 3) Communicating branch that joins the posterior tibial 4) Posterior lateral malleolar 5) Posterior lateral calcaneal
64
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the leg.
Foot-->popliteal nodes-->inguinal nodes-->External iliac nodes
65
Does the foot have lymph nodes?
No, just vessels
66
What is the difference between small saphenous vein & Great saphenous vein?
Small saphenous= begins on the lateral side of the foot & ascends along the posterior-medial leg; it drains into the popliteal vein posterior to the knee Greater saphenous= begins at the foot & ascends along the medial side of the leg; it drains into the femoral vein
67
Where are there more valves, in the lower leg or in the thigh?
Lower leg
68
What are varicose veins?
- Dilated, elongated, tortuous, subcutaneous veins in the lower leg, caused by pooling of blood in the superficial veins of the lower leg - These veins are NOT surrounded by muscle like the deep veins & have less valves; thus, they are subject to pooling
69
What causes venous return to the heart from the lower leg?
Muscular contraction inside the deep fascia
70
What nerve supplies the skin on the medial side of the lower leg? What nerve is this nerve a branch of? What vertebral levels does this nerve arise from?
The saphenous nerve supplies the medial side of the lower leg; it is a branch of the femoral nerve, and arises from L3-L4
71
What nerve is the medial sural cutaneous nerve a branch of?
Tibial nerve
72
What nerve is lateral sural cutaneous nerve a branch of?
Common peroneal nerve
73
What is the sural communicating nerve?
A branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve that joins medial sural cutaneous
74
What is the sural nerve?
The junction of the medial sural cutaneous nerve & the communicating sural nerve
75
What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral aspect of the lower extremity?
Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
76
What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the posterior (small strip) aspect of the leg, & lateral foot?
Medial sural cutaneous nerve

Anatomy (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions