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Anatomy > Exam #4: Abdominal Cavity III > Flashcards

Exam #4: Abdominal Cavity III Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys?

A
  • Remove excess water, salts, & wastes of protein metabolism
  • Return nutrients to blood
  • Regulate blood pressure & production of RBCs
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2
Q

Pararenal Fat vs. Perirenal Fat

A 
Perirenal= contained within renal capsule 
Pararenal= outside the renal capsule
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3
Q

Describe blood supply to the kidneys.

A

1) Renal arteries branch from the aorta
2) Segmental arteries
3) Interlobular arteries
4) Arcuate arteries

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4
Q

What vessel brings nutrients from the kidney back into the blood?

A

Renal vein

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5
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of Kidney

A

T10-L1

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6
Q

Parasymathetic Innervation of Kidney

A

Vagus & S2-S4

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7
Q

What are the functions of the suprarenal (adrenal glands)?

A
  • Cortex produces corticosteroids & androgens

- Medulla produces norepinephrine & epinephrine (fight or flight)

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8
Q

Corticosteroids vs. Androgens

A 
Corticosteroids= cortisol & aldosterone
Androgens= testosterone
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9
Q

Describe the blood supply to the adrenal gland.

A

Blood supply comes from the superior, middle, & inferior suprarenal arteries

  • Superior= from inferior phrenic artery
  • Middle= from aorta
  • Inferior= from renal artery
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10
Q

What nervous system innervates the medulla of the adrenal gland? Where does these nerves synapse?

A
  • Sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)

- Chromaffin cells in the medulla; homologous w/ sympathetic ganglion cells

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11
Q

Describe the blood supply to the diaphragm.

A
  • Superior phrenic arteries branch from thoracic aorta

- Inferior phrenic arteries branch from abdominal aorta

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12
Q

What is the origin of the psoas major?

A

1) Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

2) Side of vertebral bodies T12-S1

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13
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas major?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

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14
Q

What innervates the psoas major?

A

Lumbar plexus via anterior branches of nerves L2-L4

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15
Q

What is the action of the psoas major?

A 
Inferiorly= flexes thigh
Superiorly= flexes vertebral column laterally to balance trunk 
Sitting= flexes trunk
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16
Q

What is the origin of the iliacus?

A

1) Superior 2/3 of iliac fossa
2) Ala of sacrum
3) Sacro-iliac ligaments

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17
Q

What is the insertion of the iliacus?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur & shaft inferior to it

18
Q

What innervates the iliacus?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

19
Q

What is the action of the iliacus?

A

Flexes thigh & stabilizes the hip joint w/ psoas major

20
Q

What is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?

A

1) Medial 1/2 of inferior border of 12th rib

2) Tips of lumbar transverse processes

21
Q

What is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum?

A

1) Iliolumbar ligament

2) Internal lip of iliac crest

22
Q

What innervates the quadratus lumborum?

A

1) Anterior branches of T12

2) L1-L4 nerves

23
Q

What is the action of the quadratus lumborum?

A

1) Extends & laterally flexes the vertebral column

2) Fixes 12th rib during inspiration

24
Q

Where does the subcostal nerve arise from?

A

Ventral rami of T12

25
Q

What does the subcostal nerve innervate?

A

1) External oblique muscle

2) Skin of the anterolateral abdominal wall

26
Q

Where do the lumbar spinal nerves arise from?

A

L1-L5

27
Q

What do the lumbar spinal nerves innervate?

A

1) Posterior rami= deep back muscles & skin of the back

2) Anterior rami= skin & muscles of the most inferior trunk & lower limb

28
Q

Where do the ilioinguinal & iliohypogastric nerves arise from?

A

L1

29
Q

What do the ilioinguinal & iliohypogastric nerves innervate?

A

1) Abdominal muscles

2) Skin of the inguinal & pubic regions

30
Q

Where does the genitofemoral nerve arise from?

A

L1-L2

31
Q

What does the genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A

Skin below the inguinal ligament (including scrotum & labia)

32
Q

Where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve arise from?

A

L2-L3

33
Q

What does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Anterolateral skin of thigh

34
Q

Where does the femoral nerve arise from?

A

L2-L4

35
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

1) Iliacus
2) Hip flexors
3) Knee extensors

36
Q

Where does the obtruator nerve arise from?

A

L2-L4

37
Q

What does the obtruator nerve innervate?

A

1) Medial thigh

2) Adductors

38
Q

Where does the lumbosacral trunk arise from?

A

L4-L5

39
Q

What does the lumbosacral trunk innervate?

A

Joins sacral plexus

40
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate? What does it bifurcate into?

A

L4 into the right & left common iliac arteries

41
Q

What is the difference between where the right & left gonadal veins drain?

A 
Right= IVC 
Left= Left renal vein

Anatomy (35 decks)

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