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Anatomy > Exam #4: Abdominal Cavity Embryology > Flashcards

Exam #4: Abdominal Cavity Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Ectoderm

A
  • Integument
  • Nervous System
  • Proctodeum
  • Stomoteum
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2
Q

What is the proctodeum?

A

Primary lining of the anus

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3
Q

What is the stomodeum?

A

Secondary lining of the mouth

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4
Q

Mesoderm

A
  • Muscles
  • Muscle walls
  • Connective tissue
  • Bones
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5
Q

Endoderm

A
  • Lining of the gut

- Gut derived organs

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6
Q

When does the embryo form a primitive gut tube?

A

4 weeks

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7
Q

What is the primitive gut tube connected to?

A

Yolk Sac

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8
Q

What is the yolk sac? What are the functions of the early yolk sac?

A
  • Yolk sac provides the fetus with nourishment prior to implantation (2-3weeks)
  • Hematopoesis prior to development of the liver
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9
Q

What connects the primitive gut tube to the yolk sac?

A

Yolk stalk or omphalocentric duct (future umbilical cord)

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10
Q

Describe the contents of the foregut.

A

Stomodeum–>Proximal 1/3 of the duodenum

  • Celiac Trunk
  • Pharyngeal pouches
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11
Q

Describe the contents of the midgut.

A

Distal 2/3 of duodenum–> proximal 2/3 of colon

  • Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
  • Yolk stalk
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12
Q

Describe the contents of the hindgut.

A

Distal 1/3 of colon–>proctodeum

  • Inferior mesenteric artery
  • Allantois (waste sac)
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13
Q

What is recanalization?

A

Hollowing out of the primitive gut tube

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14
Q

What can an error in recanalization produce?

A

Stenosis (narrowing) or atresia (complete blockage)

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15
Q

What is a mesentery?

A
  • Double layer of peritoneum formed by splanchnic mesoderm

- Functions to connect organs to the body wall

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16
Q

What are the three remnants of the ventral mesentery?

A

1) Lesser Omentum
2) Falciform Ligament
3) Coronary Ligament

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17
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Sheet of mesentery from the liver to the stomach & duodenum

18
Q

Falciform Ligament

A

Attaches the liver to the ventral body wall

19
Q

Coronary Ligament

A

Attaches the liver to the diaphragm

20
Q

What is the definition of intraperitoneal & what organs are intraperitoneal?

A

Organs suspended in the mesentery

  • Stomach
  • Spleen
  • Transverse Colon
21
Q

What is the definition of primarily retroperitoneal & what organs are primarily retroperitoneal?

A

Organs that have always been external to the peritoneum

  • Esophagus
  • Rectum
  • Anal canal
  • Kidneys
22
Q

What is the definition of secondarily retroperitoneal & what organs are secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Organs initially develop in the mesentery but end behind the mesentery after folding & rotation

  • Distal 2/3 of the duodenum
  • Ascending & descending colon
23
Q

What is the mnemonic for all of the retroperitoneal organs?

A

SADPUCKER

Suprarenal glands
Aorta (& Vena Cava) 
Duodenum (Distal 2/3)
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (Ascending & Descending) 
Kidneys 
Esophagus 
Rectum
24
Q

List the organs of the foregut.

A
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Proximal 1/3 of the duodenum

Outpocketings

  • Pharyngeal pouches
  • Lower respiratory system
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Gallbladder
25
Q

Describe the development of the esophagus.

A

Tracheal-esophageal fold splits into two tubes, the esophagus & trachea

26
Q

Esophageal atresia

A

Complete blockage of the esophagus

27
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

Abnormal build up of amniotic fluid; an indication of esophageal atresia

  • Fetus “drinks” amniotic fluid
  • Esophageal atresia= unable to “drink” & increase in amniotic fluid that is not being recycled
28
Q

Describe the development of the stomach.

A
  • Dorsal border grows faster than the ventral border–>greater & lesser curvatures
  • Rotates 90 degrees CLOCKWISE along the longitudinal axis
  • Lesser curvature moves right
  • Greater curvature moves left
29
Q

Describe the location of the right & left vagus nerves in relation to the stomach.

A

Vagus nerves run alongside the stomach

  • Right vagus ends on the dorsal surface
  • Left vagus ends on the ventral surface
30
Q

Describe the development of the pancreas.

A

Pancreas forms from two buds; dorsal &ventral

  • Dorsal bud elongates as the ventral remains same
  • Fuse together b/c of stomach rotation
31
Q

What is an annular pancreas?

A

When there are two ventral pancreatic buds that form & fuse around the gut tube–>strangulation of the intestines

32
Q

What is special about the embryology of the spleen?

A

It is NOT an endodermal derivative; rather, it is a mesoderm derivative (outpocketing of the dorsal mesentery)

33
Q

List the organs of the midgut.

A
  • Distal 2/3 of the duodenum
  • Cecum
  • Appendix
  • Ascending colon
  • Proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon (to left colic flexure)
34
Q

Describe the development of the midgut.

A

Midgut rotates COUNTER-clockwise around the SMA

  • Elongates & forms as U-shape w/ SMA as axis & Yolk stalk as apex
  • End of rotation cecum descending into right lower quadrant
  • Causes secondarily retroperitoneal configuration
35
Q

Non-rotation

A
  • Intestine does NOT rotate as it re-enter the abdomen
  • Causes duodenal obstruction
  • Can lead to midgut volvulus i.e. catastrophic twisting of the midgut
36
Q

Reversed Rotation

A

Midgut rotates CLOCKWISE instead of COUNTER-CLOCKWISE

37
Q

Subhepatic Cecum & Appendix

A

Cecum adheres to the inferior surface of the liver

38
Q

List the organs of the hindgut.

A
  • Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Rectum
  • Anal canal

Outgrowths

  • Urinary bladder
  • Urethra
39
Q

Urorectal Septum

A
  • Divides the allantois & yolk sac

- Separates cloaca into urogenital membrane & anal membrane

40
Q

What is the significance of the pectinate line?

A 
Above= endoderm w/ pressure & stretch receptors 
Below= ectoderm w/ pain receptors

Anatomy (35 decks)

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