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Anatomy > Exam #5: Thigh I & II > Flashcards

Exam #5: Thigh I & II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the heaviest and longest bone in the body?

A

Femur

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2
Q

What is the angle of inclination of the femur?

A

The angle through which the head of the femur attaches to the shaft of the femur, via the neck

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3
Q

What is the normal angle of inclination? How does it change throughout life?

A
  • In the average adult, the angle of inclination is 126 degrees
  • The angle is widest at birth (140 degrees) & narrows throughout life (110 degrees in old age)
  • Also, note that the angle of inclination is less in females than males
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4
Q

What is the narrowest portion of the femur? What is the clinical significance?

A

Femoral neck is the narrowest part of the femur; it is most prone to fracture

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5
Q

What is the superficial fascia of the thigh continuous with?

A

Fascia of the abdomen

Note that in the thigh, it contains a considerable amount of fat

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6
Q

What is the name of the deep fascia of the thigh?

A

Fascia lata

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7
Q

What is the subcostal nerve?

A

Anterior ramii of T12

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8
Q

What does the subcostal nerve innervate?

A

External oblique muscle

Skin of the anterolateral abdominal wall

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9
Q

What is the lumbar plexus?

A

Anterior ramii of L1-L4

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10
Q

What is the obtruator nerve?

A

Anterior ramii of L2-L4

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11
Q

Where does the obtruator nerve originate?

A

Medial to the psoas major m.

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12
Q

What does the obtruator nerve innervate?

A

Adductor muscles

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13
Q

What is the femoral nerve?

A

Anterior ramii of L2-L4

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14
Q

Where does the femoral nerve originate?

A

Lateral to the psoas major m.

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15
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

Iliacus
Flexors of the hip
Extensors of the knee

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16
Q

What is the lumbosacral trunk?

A

Anterior ramii of L4-5 that participates in the formation of the sacral plexus

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17
Q

What are the ilio-inguinal & iliohypogastic nerves?

A

Anterior ramus of L1

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18
Q

What do the ilio-inguinal & iliohypogastic nerves supply?

A

Abdominal muscles

Skin of the pubic & inguinal regions

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19
Q

What is the genitofemoral nerve?

A

Anterior ramii of L1-L2

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20
Q

What is the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

Anterior ramii of L2-L3

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21
Q

What does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Skin on the anterolateral surface of the thigh

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22
Q

What does the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve, & the ilioinguinal nerve innervate in the thigh?

A

Proximal medial thigh

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23
Q

What does the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A

Skin over the femoral triangle

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24
Q

What does the medial cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve innervate?

A

Skin to the medial thigh

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25
Q

What does the intermediate cutaneous branch of the femoral innervate?

A

Skin of the distal anterior thigh

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26
Q

Where does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve originate?

A

Sacral plexus, S1-S3

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27
Q

What does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve innervate?

A

Posterior thigh & popliteal region

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28
Q

What is the femoral sheath?

A

A fascial tube that passes deep to the inguinal ligament

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29
Q

What structures are enclosed in the femoral sheath? List these structures from lateral to medial.

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal

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30
Q

What structure is not enclosed in the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral nerve

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31
Q

What is the function of the femoral sheath?

A

Allows the femoral artery & vein to glide deep to the inguinal ligament during movement of the hip

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32
Q

What is the femoral canal?

A

The most-medial division of the femoral sheath

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33
Q

What is the function of the femoral canal?

A

Allows for expansion of the femoral vein

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34
Q

What structure lies at the base of the femoral canal?

A

Femoral ring

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35
Q

What is the femoral artery an extension of?

A

External iliac artery

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36
Q

Where does the femoral artery lie in relation to the fascia lata?

A

Deep

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37
Q

Where does the femoral artery enter after exiting the apex of the femoral triangle?

A

Adductor canal

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38
Q

What does the femoral artery become after passing through the hiatus of the adductor canal?

A

Popliteal artery

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39
Q

What is the profunda femoris artery?

A
  • Largest branch of the femoral artery

- Artery to the thigh

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40
Q

What arteries branch off the profunda femoris?

A

Perforating arteries

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41
Q

What muscles do the perforating arteries supply?

A

Adductor magnus
Hamstring
Vastus lateralis

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42
Q

What are the circumflex femoral arteries?

A

Typically, branches of the profunda femoris artery that encircle the thigh & anastamose with each other

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43
Q

What are the two circumflex femoral arteries?

A

Medial & lateral circumflex femoral arteries

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44
Q

What does the medial femoral circumflex artery supply?

A

Head & neck of the femur via its branches, the posterior retinacular arteries

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45
Q

What does the lateral femoral circumflex artery supply?

A

Muscles on the lateral side of the thigh

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46
Q

What are the superficial vessels of the femoral artery?

A

Superficial epigastric
Superficial circumflex
External pudendal

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47
Q

What vein is contained within the superficial fascia of the thigh?

A

Great saphenous vein

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48
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein empty?

A

Femoral vein

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49
Q

What opening does the great saphenous vein traverse to empty into the femoral vein?

A

Saphenous opening

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50
Q

Where are the valves of the great saphenous vein more numerous, in the thigh or leg?

A

Leg

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51
Q

What is the function of the fascia lata?

A

Prevents bulging of muscles

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52
Q

What is the iliotibial tract/ band?

A

A lateral thickening of the fascia lata

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53
Q

What are the superior attachments of the fascia lata?

A

Inguinal ligament
Hip bone
Sarcum & Coccyx
Scarpa’s fascia & sacrotuberous ligament

54
Q

What does the fascia lata become continuous with at the knee joint?

A

Crural fascia of the leg

55
Q

What do the septa that form the compartments of the thigh attach to?

A

Linea aspera (ridge on posterior femur)

56
Q

How many compartments are there in the thigh?

A

Three:

Anterior
Medial
Posterior

57
Q

What two septa form the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Lateral

Medaial

58
Q

What two septa form the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Lateral

Posterior

59
Q

What two septa form the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Medial

Posterior

60
Q

What is the general function of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Flexion on the thigh & extension of the knee

61
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, & L4)

62
Q

List the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh.

A 
Sartorius 
Quadriceps femoris
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis 
- Vastus medialis 
- Vastus intermedius 
Articularis genu
Iliopsoas 
- Psoas major
- Iliacus 
Tensor Fascia Lata
63
Q

What is the general function of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adduction

64
Q

What nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

65
Q

What are the exceptions to the general innervation of the medial compartment?

A

The adductor magnus splits into 2x portions:

1) Adductor part
2) Hamstring part–innervated by the TIBIAL nerve

The pectineus muscle is innervated by BOTH the femoral and obturator nerves

66
Q

List the muscles of the medial compartment.

A 
Pectineus 
Adductor longus 
Adductor brevis 
Adductor magnus 
Gracilis 
Obturator externus
67
Q

What is the general function of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Flexion of the thigh

68
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Tibial nerve

69
Q

What is the exception to the general innervation of the posterior compartment?

A

The biceps femoris splits into 2x heads:

1) Long head
2) Short head (lateral)–which is innervated by the COMMON PERONEAL nerve

70
Q

List the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh.

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

71
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Superior/ base= inguinal ligament
Medial= adductor longus
Lateral= sartorius
Apex= sartorius crossing over the adductor longus

Roof= fascia lata 
Floor= iliopsoas & pectineus m.
72
Q

List the contents of the femoral triangle.

A 
Femoral a. 
Femoral v. 
Femoral n. 
Lymphatic vessels & nodes 
Femoral canal
73
Q

What is the adductor canal?

A

An extension of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus m.

74
Q

What are the boundaries of the adductor canal?

A

Sartorius= anteromedial
Vastus medialis= lateral
Adductor longus & Adductor magnus= posterior

75
Q

List the contents of the adductor canal.

A

Femoral a. & v.
Saphenous n.
Nerve to the vastus medialis

76
Q

Where does the femoral nerve originate?

A

L2, L3, & L4

77
Q

What nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the medial thigh?

A

Medial femoral cutaneous

78
Q

What nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the distal anterior thigh?

A

Intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve

79
Q

What nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the lower leg & foot?

A

Saphenous nerve (distal extension of the femoral nerve)

80
Q

What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

Anterior compartment muscles:

  • Sartorius
  • Quadriceps
  • Articularis genu
  • Pectineus
81
Q

Where does the Obturator nerve divide?

A

In the obturator foramen, proximal to the adductor brevis; the anterior & posterior branches straddle the adductor brevis like a saddle

82
Q

What muscles are innervated by the anterior division of the obturator nerve?

A

Adductor longus
Grascilis
Adductor brevis
Pecteineus

83
Q

What muscles are innervated by the posterior division of the obturator nerve?

A

Obtruator externus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus

84
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the medial part of the thigh, proximal to the knee?

A

Obtruator nerve

85
Q

What are the perforating arteries branches of?

A

Profunda femoris

86
Q

What do the perforating arteries supply?

A

The perforating branches come off the profunda femoris & wrap around the femur to supply:

1) Adductor magnus
2) Hamstring
3) Vastus lateralis

87
Q

What is the medial femoral circumflex a. normally a branch of?

A

Profunda femoris

88
Q

What does the medial femoral circumflex a. supply?

A

Head & neck of the femur

89
Q

What is the lateral femoral circumflex a. normally a branch of?

A

Profunda femoris

90
Q

What does the lateral femoral circumflex a. supply?

A

muscles of the lateral thigh

91
Q

What is the obturator artery a branch of?

A

Internal iliac a.

92
Q

What does the obturator artery supply?

A 
The medial compartment muscles: 
Obturator externus 
Pectineus 
Adductors 
Gracilis
93
Q

What is the origin of the Sartorious?

A

ASIS

94
Q

What is the insertion of the Satrorious?

A

Superior part of the medial surface of the tibia

95
Q

What is the origin of the Rectus Femoris?

A

AIIS

96
Q

What is the insertion of the Rectus Femoris?

A

Patella

97
Q

What is the origin of the Vastus Lateralis?

A

Linea aspera

98
Q

What is the insertion of the Vastus Lateralis?

A

Patella

99
Q

What is the origin of the Vastus Medialis?

A

Linea Aspera

100
Q

What is the insertion of the Vastus Medialis?

A

Patella

101
Q

What is the origin of the Vastus Intermedius?

A

Body of the femur

102
Q

What is the insertion of the Vastus Intermedius?

A

Patella

103
Q

What is the origin of the Articularis Genu?

A

Anterior part of the femur

104
Q

What is the insertion of the Articularis Genu?

A

Synovial membrane of the knee

105
Q

What is the origin of the Psoas Major?

A

Lumbar vertebrae

106
Q

What is the insertion of the Psoas Major?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

107
Q

What is the origin of the Iliacus?

A

Iliac crest & fossa

108
Q

What is the insertion of the Iliacus?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

109
Q

What is the origin of the Tensor Fascia Lata?

A

ASIS

110
Q

What is the insertion of the Tensor Fascia Lata?

A

IT Band

111
Q

What is the origin of the Pectineus?

A

Superior ramus of pubis

112
Q

What is the insertion of the Pectineus?

A

Pectineal line of the femur

113
Q

What is the origin of the Adductor Longus?

A

Body of the pubic bone

114
Q

What is the insertion of the Adductor Longus?

A

Linea aspera

115
Q

What is the origin of the Adductor Brevis?

A

Inferior ramus of the pubic bone

116
Q

What is the insertion of the Adductor Brevis?

A

Linea aspera

117
Q

What is the origin of the adductor portion of the Adductor Magnus?

A

Ischiopoubic Ramus

118
Q

What is the insertion of the adductor part of the Adductor Magnus?

A

Linea aspera

119
Q

What is the origin of the hamstring part of the Adductor Magnus?

A

IT

120
Q

What is the insertion of the hamstring portion of the Adductor Magnus?

A

Adductor tubercle of the femur

121
Q

What is the origin of the Gracilis?

A

Inferior ramus of pubis

122
Q

What is the insertion of the Gracilis?

A

Superior medial part of the tibia

123
Q

What is the origin of the Obturator Externus?

A

Margins of the obturator foramen & obturator membrane

124
Q

What is the insertion of the Obturator Externus?

A

Trochanteric fossa of the femur

125
Q

What is the origin of the long head of the Biceps Femoris?

A

IT

126
Q

What is the insertion of the long head of the Biceps femoris?

A

Fibular head

127
Q

What is the origin of the short head of the Biceps Femoris?

A

Linea aspera

128
Q

What is the insertion of the Biceps Femoris?

A

Fibular head

129
Q

What is the origin of the Semitendinosus?

A

IT

130
Q

What is the insertion of the Semitendinosus?

A

Medial surface of the upper tibia

131
Q

What is the origin of the Semimembranosus?

A

IT

132
Q

What is the insertion of the Semimembranosus?

A

Medial Tibial Condyle

Anatomy (35 decks)

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