Exam #5: Thigh I & II Flashcards
1
Q
What is the heaviest and longest bone in the body?
A
Femur
2
Q
What is the angle of inclination of the femur?
A
The angle through which the head of the femur attaches to the shaft of the femur, via the neck
3
Q
What is the normal angle of inclination? How does it change throughout life?
A
- In the average adult, the angle of inclination is 126 degrees
- The angle is widest at birth (140 degrees) & narrows throughout life (110 degrees in old age)
- Also, note that the angle of inclination is less in females than males
4
Q
What is the narrowest portion of the femur? What is the clinical significance?
A
Femoral neck is the narrowest part of the femur; it is most prone to fracture
5
Q
What is the superficial fascia of the thigh continuous with?
A
Fascia of the abdomen
Note that in the thigh, it contains a considerable amount of fat
6
Q
What is the name of the deep fascia of the thigh?
A
Fascia lata
7
Q
What is the subcostal nerve?
A
Anterior ramii of T12
8
Q
What does the subcostal nerve innervate?
A
External oblique muscle
Skin of the anterolateral abdominal wall
9
Q
What is the lumbar plexus?
A
Anterior ramii of L1-L4
10
Q
What is the obtruator nerve?
A
Anterior ramii of L2-L4
11
Q
Where does the obtruator nerve originate?
A
Medial to the psoas major m.
12
Q
What does the obtruator nerve innervate?
A
Adductor muscles
13
Q
What is the femoral nerve?
A
Anterior ramii of L2-L4
14
Q
Where does the femoral nerve originate?
A
Lateral to the psoas major m.
15
Q
What does the femoral nerve innervate?
A
Iliacus
Flexors of the hip
Extensors of the knee
16
Q
What is the lumbosacral trunk?
A
Anterior ramii of L4-5 that participates in the formation of the sacral plexus
17
Q
What are the ilio-inguinal & iliohypogastic nerves?
A
Anterior ramus of L1
18
Q
What do the ilio-inguinal & iliohypogastic nerves supply?
A
Abdominal muscles
Skin of the pubic & inguinal regions
19
Q
What is the genitofemoral nerve?
A
Anterior ramii of L1-L2
20
Q
What is the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?
A
Anterior ramii of L2-L3
21
Q
What does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve innervate?
A
Skin on the anterolateral surface of the thigh
22
Q
What does the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve, & the ilioinguinal nerve innervate in the thigh?
A
Proximal medial thigh
23
Q
What does the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve innervate?
A
Skin over the femoral triangle
24
Q
What does the medial cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve innervate?
A
Skin to the medial thigh
25
What does the intermediate cutaneous branch of the femoral innervate?
Skin of the distal anterior thigh
26
Where does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve originate?
Sacral plexus, S1-S3
27
What does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve innervate?
Posterior thigh & popliteal region
28
What is the femoral sheath?
A fascial tube that passes deep to the inguinal ligament
29
What structures are enclosed in the femoral sheath? List these structures from lateral to medial.
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal
30
What structure is not enclosed in the femoral sheath?
Femoral nerve
31
What is the function of the femoral sheath?
Allows the femoral artery & vein to glide deep to the inguinal ligament during movement of the hip
32
What is the femoral canal?
The most-medial division of the femoral sheath
33
What is the function of the femoral canal?
Allows for expansion of the femoral vein
34
What structure lies at the base of the femoral canal?
Femoral ring
35
What is the femoral artery an extension of?
External iliac artery
36
Where does the femoral artery lie in relation to the fascia lata?
Deep
37
Where does the femoral artery enter after exiting the apex of the femoral triangle?
Adductor canal
38
What does the femoral artery become after passing through the hiatus of the adductor canal?
Popliteal artery
39
What is the profunda femoris artery?
- Largest branch of the femoral artery
| - Artery to the thigh
40
What arteries branch off the profunda femoris?
Perforating arteries
41
What muscles do the perforating arteries supply?
Adductor magnus
Hamstring
Vastus lateralis
42
What are the circumflex femoral arteries?
Typically, branches of the profunda femoris artery that encircle the thigh & anastamose with each other
43
What are the two circumflex femoral arteries?
Medial & lateral circumflex femoral arteries
44
What does the medial femoral circumflex artery supply?
Head & neck of the femur via its branches, the posterior retinacular arteries
45
What does the lateral femoral circumflex artery supply?
Muscles on the lateral side of the thigh
46
What are the superficial vessels of the femoral artery?
Superficial epigastric
Superficial circumflex
External pudendal
47
What vein is contained within the superficial fascia of the thigh?
Great saphenous vein
48
Where does the great saphenous vein empty?
Femoral vein
49
What opening does the great saphenous vein traverse to empty into the femoral vein?
Saphenous opening
50
Where are the valves of the great saphenous vein more numerous, in the thigh or leg?
Leg
51
What is the function of the fascia lata?
Prevents bulging of muscles
52
What is the iliotibial tract/ band?
A lateral thickening of the fascia lata
53
What are the superior attachments of the fascia lata?
Inguinal ligament
Hip bone
Sarcum & Coccyx
Scarpa's fascia & sacrotuberous ligament
54
What does the fascia lata become continuous with at the knee joint?
Crural fascia of the leg
55
What do the septa that form the compartments of the thigh attach to?
Linea aspera (ridge on posterior femur)
56
How many compartments are there in the thigh?
Three:
Anterior
Medial
Posterior
57
What two septa form the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Lateral
| Medaial
58
What two septa form the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Lateral
| Posterior
59
What two septa form the medial compartment of the thigh?
Medial
| Posterior
60
What is the general function of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Flexion on the thigh & extension of the knee
61
What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve (L2, L3, & L4)
62
List the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh.
```
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius
Articularis genu
Iliopsoas
- Psoas major
- Iliacus
Tensor Fascia Lata
```
63
What is the general function of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Adduction
64
What nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?
Obturator nerve
65
What are the exceptions to the general innervation of the medial compartment?
The adductor magnus splits into 2x portions:
1) Adductor part
2) Hamstring part--innervated by the TIBIAL nerve
The pectineus muscle is innervated by BOTH the femoral and obturator nerves
66
List the muscles of the medial compartment.
```
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
```
67
What is the general function of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Flexion of the thigh
68
What nerve innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Tibial nerve
69
What is the exception to the general innervation of the posterior compartment?
The biceps femoris splits into 2x heads:
1) Long head
2) Short head (lateral)--which is innervated by the COMMON PERONEAL nerve
70
List the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh.
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
71
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
Superior/ base= inguinal ligament
Medial= adductor longus
Lateral= sartorius
Apex= sartorius crossing over the adductor longus
```
Roof= fascia lata
Floor= iliopsoas & pectineus m.
```
72
List the contents of the femoral triangle.
```
Femoral a.
Femoral v.
Femoral n.
Lymphatic vessels & nodes
Femoral canal
```
73
What is the adductor canal?
An extension of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus m.
74
What are the boundaries of the adductor canal?
Sartorius= anteromedial
Vastus medialis= lateral
Adductor longus & Adductor magnus= posterior
75
List the contents of the adductor canal.
Femoral a. & v.
Saphenous n.
Nerve to the vastus medialis
76
Where does the femoral nerve originate?
L2, L3, & L4
77
What nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the medial thigh?
Medial femoral cutaneous
78
What nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the distal anterior thigh?
Intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve
79
What nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the lower leg & foot?
Saphenous nerve (distal extension of the femoral nerve)
80
What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate?
Anterior compartment muscles:
- Sartorius
- Quadriceps
- Articularis genu
- Pectineus
81
Where does the Obturator nerve divide?
In the obturator foramen, proximal to the adductor brevis; the anterior & posterior branches straddle the adductor brevis like a saddle
82
What muscles are innervated by the anterior division of the obturator nerve?
Adductor longus
Grascilis
Adductor brevis
Pecteineus
83
What muscles are innervated by the posterior division of the obturator nerve?
Obtruator externus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
84
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the medial part of the thigh, proximal to the knee?
Obtruator nerve
85
What are the perforating arteries branches of?
Profunda femoris
86
What do the perforating arteries supply?
The perforating branches come off the profunda femoris & wrap around the femur to supply:
1) Adductor magnus
2) Hamstring
3) Vastus lateralis
87
What is the medial femoral circumflex a. normally a branch of?
Profunda femoris
88
What does the medial femoral circumflex a. supply?
Head & neck of the femur
89
What is the lateral femoral circumflex a. normally a branch of?
Profunda femoris
90
What does the lateral femoral circumflex a. supply?
muscles of the lateral thigh
91
What is the obturator artery a branch of?
Internal iliac a.
92
What does the obturator artery supply?
```
The medial compartment muscles:
Obturator externus
Pectineus
Adductors
Gracilis
```
93
What is the origin of the Sartorious?
ASIS
94
What is the insertion of the Satrorious?
Superior part of the medial surface of the tibia
95
What is the origin of the Rectus Femoris?
AIIS
96
What is the insertion of the Rectus Femoris?
Patella
97
What is the origin of the Vastus Lateralis?
Linea aspera
98
What is the insertion of the Vastus Lateralis?
Patella
99
What is the origin of the Vastus Medialis?
Linea Aspera
100
What is the insertion of the Vastus Medialis?
Patella
101
What is the origin of the Vastus Intermedius?
Body of the femur
102
What is the insertion of the Vastus Intermedius?
Patella
103
What is the origin of the Articularis Genu?
Anterior part of the femur
104
What is the insertion of the Articularis Genu?
Synovial membrane of the knee
105
What is the origin of the Psoas Major?
Lumbar vertebrae
106
What is the insertion of the Psoas Major?
Lesser trochanter of the femur
107
What is the origin of the Iliacus?
Iliac crest & fossa
108
What is the insertion of the Iliacus?
Lesser trochanter of the femur
109
What is the origin of the Tensor Fascia Lata?
ASIS
110
What is the insertion of the Tensor Fascia Lata?
IT Band
111
What is the origin of the Pectineus?
Superior ramus of pubis
112
What is the insertion of the Pectineus?
Pectineal line of the femur
113
What is the origin of the Adductor Longus?
Body of the pubic bone
114
What is the insertion of the Adductor Longus?
Linea aspera
115
What is the origin of the Adductor Brevis?
Inferior ramus of the pubic bone
116
What is the insertion of the Adductor Brevis?
Linea aspera
117
What is the origin of the adductor portion of the Adductor Magnus?
Ischiopoubic Ramus
118
What is the insertion of the adductor part of the Adductor Magnus?
Linea aspera
119
What is the origin of the hamstring part of the Adductor Magnus?
IT
120
What is the insertion of the hamstring portion of the Adductor Magnus?
Adductor tubercle of the femur
121
What is the origin of the Gracilis?
Inferior ramus of pubis
122
What is the insertion of the Gracilis?
Superior medial part of the tibia
123
What is the origin of the Obturator Externus?
Margins of the obturator foramen & obturator membrane
124
What is the insertion of the Obturator Externus?
Trochanteric fossa of the femur
125
What is the origin of the long head of the Biceps Femoris?
IT
126
What is the insertion of the long head of the Biceps femoris?
Fibular head
127
What is the origin of the short head of the Biceps Femoris?
Linea aspera
128
What is the insertion of the Biceps Femoris?
Fibular head
129
What is the origin of the Semitendinosus?
IT
130
What is the insertion of the Semitendinosus?
Medial surface of the upper tibia
131
What is the origin of the Semimembranosus?
IT
132
What is the insertion of the Semimembranosus?
Medial Tibial Condyle
