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Anatomy > Exam #6: Posterior Compartment > Flashcards

Exam #6: Posterior Compartment Flashcards

1
Q

What innervates the posterior compartment?

A

Posterior divisions of the brachial plexus, specifically:

  • Radial nerve
  • Axillary nerve
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2
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Motor=

  • Deltoid
  • Teres minor

Cutaneous= lateral arm

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3
Q

Review the boudaries of the quadrangular space.

A 
Superior= teres minor 
Inferior= teres major 
Medial= long head of the triceps brachii 
Lateral= Surgical neck of the humerus
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4
Q

What are the contents of the quadrangular space?

A
  • Axillary nerve

- Posterior circumflex humeral a.

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5
Q

What does fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus damage?

A

Quadrangular space

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6
Q

A patient presents in your office following trauma to the proximal humerus with atrophy of the deltoid noted on exam. What should you suspect?

A

Axillary nerve injury

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7
Q

What can glenohumeral dislocation cause?

A

Damage to the contents of the quadrangular space

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8
Q

What are the branches of the radial nerve?

A

Superficial branch

Deep branch

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9
Q

What does the superficial branch of the radial nerve provide?

A

Cutaneous innervation to the dorsum of the hand

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10
Q

What does the deep branch of the radial nerve provide?

A

Motor innervation to the forearm

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11
Q

What is the posterior interosseous nerve?

A

Termination of the deep branch of the radial nerve after it innervation of the supinator muscle

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12
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Triceps Brachii

  • Long (all the way to the shoulder)
  • Lateral
  • Medial

Anconeus

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13
Q

What is the function of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Extension of the elbow

- Long head can extend the shoulder as well

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14
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Radial nerve

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15
Q

What are the two muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Triceps Brachii

Anconeus

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16
Q

What is the function of the anconeus?

A

Assists the triceps in extending the elbow & stabilizes the elbow

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17
Q

What is the exception to the functional rule of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Brachioradialis–flexor

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18
Q

Where do the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm originate?

A

Either the lateral epicondyle of the humerus or posterior surface of the forearm

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19
Q

List the muscles in the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the forearm.

A
  • Brachioradialis
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris
  • Extensor digitorum
  • Extensor digiti minimi
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20
Q

What is the origin of the brachioradialis?

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge

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21
Q

What is the insertion of the brachioradialis?

A

Styloid process of the radius

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the brachioradialis?

A

Radial n.

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23
Q

What is the function of the brachioradialis?

A

Flexion of the elbow

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24
Q

What is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge

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25
What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Base of MC II
26
What is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Radial n.
27
What is the function of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Extends & abducts the wrist
28
What is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Lateral epicondyle
29
What is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Base of MC III
30
What is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Deep branch of the radial n.
31
What is the function of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Extends & abducts the wrist
32
What is the origin of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Lateral epicondyle
33
What is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Base of MC V
34
What is the innervation of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Deep branch of radial n.
35
What is the function of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Extends & adducts wrist
36
What is the origin of the extensor digitorum?
Lateral epicondyle
37
What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum?
Extensor expansion of digits 2-5
38
What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum?
Deep branch of the radial n.
39
What is the function of the extensor digitorum?
Extends digits 2-5 at all joints | Extends wrist
40
What is the origin of the extensor digiti minimi?
Lateral epicondyle
41
What is the insertion of the extensor digiti minimi?
Extensor expansion of digit 5
42
What is the innervation of the extensor digiti minimi?
Deep branch of radial n.
43
What is the function of the extensor digiti minimi?
Extends digits 5 at all joints | Extends & adducts wrist
44
What are the extensor expansions?
Connective tissue around the fingers
45
List the muscles of the deep group of the posterior compartment of the forearm.
Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pllicius longus Extensor pollicus brevis
46
What is the origin of the supinator?
Lateral epicondyle, olecranon process
47
What is the insertion of the supinator?
Proximo-lateal radius
48
What nerve innervates the supinator?
Deep branch of the radial n.
49
What is the function of the supinator?
Supination of the forearm
50
What is the origin of the abductor pollicus longus?
Posterior ulna Radius Interosseous membrane
51
What is the insertion of the abductor pollicus longus?
Base of MC I
52
What is the innervation of the abductor pollicus longus?
Posterior interosseous n.
53
What is the function of the abductor pollicus longus?
Abducts the pollex (thumb)
54
What is the origin of the extensor pollicus longus?
Posterior ulna | Interosseous membrane
55
What is the insertion of the extensor pollicus longus?
Base of the distal phalanx of the pollex
56
What nerve innervates the extensor pollicus longus?
Posterior interosseous n.
57
What is the function of the extensor pollicus longus?
Extends pollex at all joints
58
What is the origin of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Posterior radius | Interosseous membrane
59
What is the insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Base of proximal phalanx of pollex
60
What nerve innervates the extensor pollicis brevis?
Posterior interosseous n.
61
What is the function of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Extends pollex at the MCP joint
62
What is the anatomical snuff box?
Medial= tendon of the extensor pollici longus Lateral= - Extensor pollicis brevis - Abductor pollicis longus ****Note that the two extensor tendons are NOT next to each other
63
What are the contents of the anatomical snuff box?
Radial a. | Scaphoid bone
64
What is the origin of the extensor indicis?
Posterior ulna | Interosseous membrane
65
What is the insertion of the extensor indicis?
Extensor expansion of digit 2
66
What nerve innervates the extensor indicis?
Posterior interosseus n.
67
What is the function of the extensor indicis?
Extends digit 2 at all joints i.e. extends wrist
68
What two muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?
Brachioradialis | Extensor carpi radialis longus
69
What five muscles are innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve?
``` Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensory carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti mini Supinator ```
70
What four muscles are innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve? What is the mnemonic to remember this?
"ABLE muscles" Abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis Longus extensor pollicis Brevis Extensor indicis
71
Describe the presentation of a radial nerve injury.
"Saturday night palsy, honeymoon palsy, crutch palsy" * ***Wrist drop***** - Weakness of the triceps - Inability to extend wrist & fingers - Numbness over the dorsum of the hand & posterior forearm
72
What is the triangular interval?
``` Lateral= lateral head of the triceps Medial= long head of the triceps Superior= teres major ```
73
List the contents of the triangular interval.
Radial nerve | Profunda brachii a.
74
What is the common mechanism of injury to the triangular interval?
Midshaft humeral fractures that leads to wrist drop
75
What is handcuff palsy?
Paresthesia or numbness over the dorsum of the hand between MC I & II caused by compression/ injury to the superficial branch of the radial nerve (distal)

Anatomy (35 decks)

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