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Anatomy > Exam #3: Superficial Back > Flashcards

Exam #3: Superficial Back Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Dermatome?

A

An area of the skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

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2
Q

Clavicle Dermatome

A

C5

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3
Q

Thumb Dermatome

A

C6

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4
Q

Nipple Dermatome

A

T4

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5
Q

Umbilicus Dermatome

A

T10

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6
Q

Groin Dermatome

A

L1

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7
Q

Medial Foot Dermatome

A

L4

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8
Q

Lateral Foot Dermatome

A

L5

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9
Q

What is the superficial fascia?

A
  • The subcutaneous tissue immediately below the skin
  • It is located between skin and deep fascia & is not very organized
  • Functions to store body fat
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10
Q

What is the deep fascia?

A
  • A strong, dense, well organized layer of connective tissue located deep to the superficial fascia
  • Does NOT store body fat
  • Where muscles attach to bones it becomes continuous with the periosteum
  • Compartmentalizes the body
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11
Q

What is the investing Layer of Deep Fascia?

A

Extensions from the deep surface of the deep fascia that invest in deeper structures e.g. muscles & neurovascular bundles

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12
Q

What is the Intermuscular Septa?

A

Part of the deep fascia that separates muscles into groups

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13
Q

What is the Retinaculum?

A

A thickening of deep fascia across tendons of muscles at joints

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14
Q

What are the three groups of muscles in the back?

A

1) Superficial Back Muscles (axioappendicular)
2) Intermediate Back Muscles
3) Deep Back Muscles

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15
Q

What are the superficial back muscles?

A
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus Dorsi
  • Levator Scapulae
  • Rhomboid Major & Minor
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16
Q

Where do the superficial back muscles generally originate from and insert into?

A
  • Originate from bony structures of the back

- Insert on the bones of the upper limb

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17
Q

What is an extrinsic back muscle?

A

Muscle in the back that do not move the back itself i.e. the superficial back muscles

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18
Q

What nerves supply the superficial muscles of the back?

A

Ventral Primary Rami (NOT Dorsal Primary Rami)

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19
Q

What are the intermediate back muscles?

A
  • Serratus posterior superior

- Serratus posterior inferior

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20
Q

What is the general function of the intermediate back muscles?

A

Respiration i.e. like superficial back muscles, they are also extrinsic back muscles

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21
Q

What is the nerve supply to the intermediate back muscles?

A

Ventral Primary Rami (NOT Dorsal Primary Rami)

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22
Q

Which groups of back muscles are extrinsic?

A

Superficial & Intermediate Back Muscles

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23
Q

Which group of back muscles are intrinsic?

A

Deep Back Muscles

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24
Q

What is the nerve supply to the Deep Back Muscles

A

Dorsal Primary Rami

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25
Q

What is the general function of the Deep Back Muscles?

A

Movement of the back

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26
Q

What is the inferior angle of the scapula a landmark for?

A

T7

27
Q

Which rib can be palpated just below the inferior angle of the scapula?

A

Rib 8

28
Q

What lumbar vertebra is at the level of the iliac crest?

A

L4

29
Q

What are the two muscles of the superficial group of superficial back muscles?

A

1) Trapezius

2) Latissimus Dorsi

30
Q

What three muscles are part of the deep group of superficial back muscles?

A

1) Levator Scapulae
2) Rhomboid Minor
3) Rhomboid Major

31
Q

Trapezius Origin

A

1) Occipital bone
2) Ligamentum Nuchae
3) Spinous process of C7 & all 12 thoracic vertebrae

32
Q

Trapezius Insertion

A

1) Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

2) Acromion and spine of scapula

33
Q

Trapezius Nerve Supply

A
  • Motor= CN XI (Spinal Accessory

- Pain & Priprioception= ventral primary rami of C3 & C4

34
Q

Trapezius Blood Supply

A

Superficial Branch of the Transverse Cervical Artery

35
Q

Trapezius Action

A
  • Hold the upper limb to the trunk
  • Middle fibers adduct (retract) the scapula
  • Upper fibers raise the scapula
  • Lower fibers depress the scapula
  • Rotates the scapula so that the inferior angle is moved laterally for abduction of the upper limb above the horizontal position
36
Q

What does CN XI injury result in?

A

Drooping of the scapula, which is known as a “shoulder drop”

37
Q

How is the strength of the trapezius muscle tested?

A

Shoulder is shrugged against resistance

38
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Origin

A

1) Spinous processes of the lower six thoracic vertebrae
2) Thoracolumbar fascia
3) Lower 3 or 4 ribs
4) Iliac Crest

39
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Insertion

A

Intertubercular Groove of the Humerus, between the Teres Major & Pectoralis Major

40
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Nerve Supply

A

Thoracodorsal Nerve (C6,7, & 8) from the brachial plexus

41
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Blood Supply

A

Thoracodorsal Artery

42
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Action

A

Adduction, extension, & medial rotation of humerus of the shoulder joint

43
Q

Thoracodorsal Nerve Injury

A

Unable to raise the trunk with upper limbs when climbing

44
Q

Triangle of Auscultation

A

A good place to listen for respiratory sounds with a stethoscope that is bounded by

1) Lateral Trapezius
2) Superior Latissimus Dorsi
3) Medial Border of the Scapula

45
Q

Levator Scapulae Origin

A

Transverse processes of the first three to four cervical vertebrae

46
Q

Levator Scapulae Insertion

A

Superior angle of the scapula along its upper medial border

47
Q

Levator Scapulae Blood Supply

A

Dorsal Scapular Artery

48
Q

Levator Scapulae Nerve Supply

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

49
Q

Levator Scapulae Action

A
  • Elevates the scapula

- Rotates the scapula to move the glenoid cavity and shoulder joint inferiorly

50
Q

Rhomboid Major & Minor Origin

A

Spinous processes of C7- T5

51
Q

Rhomboid Major & Minor Insertion

A

Medial Border of the Scapula

52
Q

Rhomboid Major & Minor Blood Supply

A

Dorsal Scapular Artery

53
Q

Rhomboid Major & Minor Action

A
  • Adduct the scapula

- Rotate the scapula so the glenoid cavity moves inferiorly

54
Q

Rhomboid Major & Minor Nerve Supply

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (ventral ramus of C5) & some fibers from C4

55
Q

Dorsal Scapular Nerve Injury

A

Inability to adduct the scapula

56
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Origin

A

Ligamentum nuchae & spinous processes of C7-T3

57
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Insertion

A

2nd to 4th ribs

58
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Nerve Supply

A

First three thoracic spinal nerves

59
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior Action

A

Elevates ribs in respiration

60
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin

A

T11 to L2 spinous processes

61
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Insertion

A

Lower four ribs

62
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Action

A

Aids in respiration by holding ribs steady when the diaphragm moves up

63
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior Nerve Supply

A

Last four thoracic nerves

Anatomy (35 decks)

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