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Anatomy > Exam #3: Superficial Back > Flashcards

Exam #3: Superficial Back Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Dermatome?

A

An area of the skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

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2
Q

Clavicle Dermatome

A

C5

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3
Q

Thumb Dermatome

A

C6

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4
Q

Nipple Dermatome

A

T4

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5
Q

Umbilicus Dermatome

A

T10

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6
Q

Groin Dermatome

A

L1

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7
Q

Medial Foot Dermatome

A

L4

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8
Q

Lateral Foot Dermatome

A

L5

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9
Q

What is the superficial fascia?

A
  • The subcutaneous tissue immediately below the skin
  • It is located between skin and deep fascia & is not very organized
  • Functions to store body fat
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10
Q

What is the deep fascia?

A
  • A strong, dense, well organized layer of connective tissue located deep to the superficial fascia
  • Does NOT store body fat
  • Where muscles attach to bones it becomes continuous with the periosteum
  • Compartmentalizes the body
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11
Q

What is the investing Layer of Deep Fascia?

A

Extensions from the deep surface of the deep fascia that invest in deeper structures e.g. muscles & neurovascular bundles

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12
Q

What is the Intermuscular Septa?

A

Part of the deep fascia that separates muscles into groups

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13
Q

What is the Retinaculum?

A

A thickening of deep fascia across tendons of muscles at joints

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14
Q

What are the three groups of muscles in the back?

A

1) Superficial Back Muscles (axioappendicular)
2) Intermediate Back Muscles
3) Deep Back Muscles

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15
Q

What are the superficial back muscles?

A
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus Dorsi
  • Levator Scapulae
  • Rhomboid Major & Minor
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16
Q

Where do the superficial back muscles generally originate from and insert into?

A
  • Originate from bony structures of the back

- Insert on the bones of the upper limb

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17
Q

What is an extrinsic back muscle?

A

Muscle in the back that do not move the back itself i.e. the superficial back muscles

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18
Q

What nerves supply the superficial muscles of the back?

A

Ventral Primary Rami (NOT Dorsal Primary Rami)

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19
Q

What are the intermediate back muscles?

A
  • Serratus posterior superior

- Serratus posterior inferior

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20
Q

What is the general function of the intermediate back muscles?

A

Respiration i.e. like superficial back muscles, they are also extrinsic back muscles

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21
Q

What is the nerve supply to the intermediate back muscles?

A

Ventral Primary Rami (NOT Dorsal Primary Rami)

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22
Q

Which groups of back muscles are extrinsic?

A

Superficial & Intermediate Back Muscles

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23
Q

Which group of back muscles are intrinsic?

A

Deep Back Muscles

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24
Q

What is the nerve supply to the Deep Back Muscles

A

Dorsal Primary Rami

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25
What is the general function of the Deep Back Muscles?
Movement of the back
26
What is the inferior angle of the scapula a landmark for?
T7
27
Which rib can be palpated just below the inferior angle of the scapula?
Rib 8
28
What lumbar vertebra is at the level of the iliac crest?
L4
29
What are the two muscles of the superficial group of superficial back muscles?
1) Trapezius | 2) Latissimus Dorsi
30
What three muscles are part of the deep group of superficial back muscles?
1) Levator Scapulae 2) Rhomboid Minor 3) Rhomboid Major
31
Trapezius Origin
1) Occipital bone 2) Ligamentum Nuchae 3) Spinous process of C7 & all 12 thoracic vertebrae
32
Trapezius Insertion
1) Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle | 2) Acromion and spine of scapula
33
Trapezius Nerve Supply
- Motor= CN XI (Spinal Accessory | - Pain & Priprioception= ventral primary rami of C3 & C4
34
Trapezius Blood Supply
Superficial Branch of the Transverse Cervical Artery
35
Trapezius Action
- Hold the upper limb to the trunk - Middle fibers adduct (retract) the scapula - Upper fibers raise the scapula - Lower fibers depress the scapula - Rotates the scapula so that the inferior angle is moved laterally for abduction of the upper limb above the horizontal position
36
What does CN XI injury result in?
Drooping of the scapula, which is known as a "shoulder drop"
37
How is the strength of the trapezius muscle tested?
Shoulder is shrugged against resistance
38
Latissimus Dorsi Origin
1) Spinous processes of the lower six thoracic vertebrae 2) Thoracolumbar fascia 3) Lower 3 or 4 ribs 4) Iliac Crest
39
Latissimus Dorsi Insertion
Intertubercular Groove of the Humerus, between the Teres Major & Pectoralis Major
40
Latissimus Dorsi Nerve Supply
Thoracodorsal Nerve (C6,7, & 8) from the brachial plexus
41
Latissimus Dorsi Blood Supply
Thoracodorsal Artery
42
Latissimus Dorsi Action
Adduction, extension, & medial rotation of humerus of the shoulder joint
43
Thoracodorsal Nerve Injury
Unable to raise the trunk with upper limbs when climbing
44
Triangle of Auscultation
A good place to listen for respiratory sounds with a stethoscope that is bounded by 1) Lateral Trapezius 2) Superior Latissimus Dorsi 3) Medial Border of the Scapula
45
Levator Scapulae Origin
Transverse processes of the first three to four cervical vertebrae
46
Levator Scapulae Insertion
Superior angle of the scapula along its upper medial border
47
Levator Scapulae Blood Supply
Dorsal Scapular Artery
48
Levator Scapulae Nerve Supply
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
49
Levator Scapulae Action
- Elevates the scapula | - Rotates the scapula to move the glenoid cavity and shoulder joint inferiorly
50
Rhomboid Major & Minor Origin
Spinous processes of C7- T5
51
Rhomboid Major & Minor Insertion
Medial Border of the Scapula
52
Rhomboid Major & Minor Blood Supply
Dorsal Scapular Artery
53
Rhomboid Major & Minor Action
- Adduct the scapula | - Rotate the scapula so the glenoid cavity moves inferiorly
54
Rhomboid Major & Minor Nerve Supply
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (ventral ramus of C5) & some fibers from C4
55
Dorsal Scapular Nerve Injury
Inability to adduct the scapula
56
Serratus Posterior Superior Origin
Ligamentum nuchae & spinous processes of C7-T3
57
Serratus Posterior Superior Insertion
2nd to 4th ribs
58
Serratus Posterior Superior Nerve Supply
First three thoracic spinal nerves
59
Serratus Posterior Superior Action
Elevates ribs in respiration
60
Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin
T11 to L2 spinous processes
61
Serratus Posterior Inferior Insertion
Lower four ribs
62
Serratus Posterior Inferior Action
Aids in respiration by holding ribs steady when the diaphragm moves up
63
Serratus Posterior Inferior Nerve Supply
Last four thoracic nerves

Anatomy (35 decks)

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