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Anatomy > Exam #6: Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Exam #6: Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

From what levels is the brachial plexus derived?

A

Ventral rami of C5-T1

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2
Q

What is the preaxial side of the upper limb?

A

Lateral thumb side

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3
Q

What is the post-axial side of the upper limb?

A

Medial side of the arm

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4
Q

Draw the dermatomal distribution of the upper limb.

A

N/A

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5
Q

What is a myotome? How does the myotome distribution differ from the dermatomal distribution?

A

Set of muscle innervated by a specific nerve root

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6
Q

What does the C5 myotome control?

A

Elbow Flexion

Abduction (at shoulder)

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7
Q

What does the C6 myotome control?

A

Wrist extension

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8
Q

What does the C7 myotome control?

A
  • Elbow extension
  • Wrist flexion
  • Digital extension
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9
Q

What does the C8 myotome control?

A

Digital flexion

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10
Q

What does the T1 myotome control?

A

Abduction & Adduction of the fingers

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11
Q

What does the biceps reflex test?

A

C5

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12
Q

What does the brachioradialis reflex test?

A

C6

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13
Q

What does the triceps reflex test?

A

C7

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14
Q

A patient presents in your office and is unable to flex his arm at the elbow or abduct his arm at the shoulder. What myotome is involved?

A

C5

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15
Q

A patient presents in your office and is unable extend his wrist? What myotome is involved?

A

C6

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16
Q

A patient presents in your office and is unable extend his arm at the elbow, flex his wrist, or extend his digits. What myotome is involved?

A

C7

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17
Q

A patient presents in your office and is unable to flex his digits. What myotome is involved?

A

C8

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18
Q

A patient presents in your office and is unable to adduct or abduct his fingers. What myotome is involved?

A

T1

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19
Q

Describe the compartments of the upper arm.

A

The upper arm is divided into anterior & posterior compartments.

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20
Q

What compartment do the anterior divisions of the brachial plexus innervate?

A

Anterior compartment muscles

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21
Q

What compartment do the posterior divisions of the brachial plexus innervate?

A

Posterior compartment muscles

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22
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the organization of the brachial plexus?

A 
Randy= Roots (ventral rami of C5-T1) 
Travis= Trunks 
Drinks= Divisions
Cold= Cords 
Beer= Branches
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23
Q

List the trunks of the brachial plexus.

A

Upper
Middle
Lower

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24
Q

List the division of the brachial plexus.

A

Anterior

Posterior

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25
Q

List the cords of the brachial plexus.

A

Lateral
Medial
Posterior

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26
Q

What is the landmark around which the cords of the brachial plexus are described?

A

Axillary a.

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27
Q

What are the five terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A 
Musculocutaneous
Axillary 
Radial 
Median
Ulnar
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28
Q

Draw & label the brachial plexus.

29
Q

Draw the cutaneous innervation of the upper limb from the anterior view.

30
Q

Draw the cutaneous innervation of the upper limb from the posterior view.

31
Q

From what cervical level does the dorsal scapular nerve originate?

32
Q

From what cervical levels does the long thoracic nerve originate?

A

C5, 6, & 7

33
Q

From what cervical levels does the suprascapular nerve originate?

34
Q

From what cervical levels does the nerve to subclavis originate?

35
Q

From what cervical levels does the lateral pectoral nerve originate?

36
Q

From what cervical levels does the median pectoral nerve originate?

37
Q

From what cervical levels does the medial brachial cutaneous nerve originate?

38
Q

From what cervical levels does the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve originate?

39
Q

From what cervical levels does the upper subscapular nerve originate?

40
Q

From what cervical levels does the lower subscapular nerve originate?

41
Q

From what cervical levels does the thoracodorsal nerve originate?

A

C 6, 7 & 8

42
Q

From what cervical levels does the axillary nerve originate?

43
Q

From what cervical levels does the radial nerve originate?

A

C5, 6, 7, & 8

44
Q

From what cervical levels does the musculocutaneous nerve originate?

A

C5, 6, & 7

45
Q

From what cervical levels does the median nerve originate?

A

C6, 7, 8, & T1

46
Q

From what cervical levels does the ulnar nerve originate?

47
Q

What muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

A

Rhomboids

Levator Scapulae

48
Q

What muscle does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

Serratus anterior

49
Q

What muscles does the supraclavicular nerve innervate?

A

Supraspinatous

Infraspinatous

50
Q

What muscle does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Pectoralis major

51
Q

What muscle does the medial pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

52
Q

What muscle does the upper subscapular nerve innervate?

A

Subscapularis

53
Q

What muscle does the lower subscapular nerve innervate?

A

Supscapularis

Teres major

54
Q

What is the alternate name for the thoracodorsal nerve? What muscle does this nerve innervate?

A

Thoracodorsal= “Middle subscapular nerve.”

- Lat. dorsi

55
Q

What group of muscles does the musculocutaenous branch innervate?

A

Anterior arm

56
Q

What muscles does the axillary branch innervate?

A

Deltoid

Teres minor

57
Q

What group of muscles does the radial branch innervate?

A

Posterior arm

Posterior forearm

58
Q

What group of muscles does the median branch innervate?

A

Anterior forearm

59
Q

What group of muscles does the ulnar branch innervate?

60
Q

What is Erb’s palsy? What typically causes Erb’s palsy?

A

This is an upper brachial plexus (C5/C6) injury caused by:

1) Fall on neck
2) Pull on head during birth
3) Football (stinger)

61
Q

What is the deformity that is pathognomonic for Erb’s Palsy?

A

“Waiter’s Tip”

62
Q

Describe the muscular presentation of Erb’s Palsy.

A

The effected arm is:

  • Adducted (C5)
  • Medially rotated (C5)
  • Elbow extended (C5)
  • Wrist Flexed (C6)
63
Q

What sensation will be affected by Erb’s Palsy?

A

Lateral arm
Lateral forearm
Lateral hand

64
Q

What is Klumpke’s Paralysis? What typically causes Klumpke’s Palsy?

A

This is a lower brachial plexus injury (C8 &T1) caused by:

1) Arm overhead stretch i.e. “Strap-Hanger’s Palsy”
2) Arm pull during birth

65
Q

What deformity is pathognomonic for Klumpke’s Palsy?

A

Full hand claw

66
Q

Describe the muscular presentation of Klumpke’s Palsy.

A
  • Finger extension (C8)

- Inability to abduct or adduct fingers

67
Q

Describe the sensory presentation of Klumpke’s Palsy.

A

Paresthesias along the medial hand, forearm, and arm

68
Q

What is Horner Syndrome? What are the three cardinal symptoms of Horner Syndrome?

A

This is a lower brachial plexus injury that leads to loss of T1 sympathetic innervation. Presentation is:

1) Pitosis
2) Anhydrosis
3) Miosis (constriction)

Anatomy (35 decks)

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