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Anatomy > Exam #6: Hand > Flashcards

Exam #6: Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Review the osteology of the hand.

A

N/A

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2
Q

What is special about the phalanges of the thumb?

A

The thumb does NOT have a middle phalanx

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3
Q

What bones are in the proximal row of the hand on the palmar view?

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

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4
Q

What bones are in the distal row of the hand?

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

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5
Q

What is the mneomic for the bones of the hand?

A 
Some 
Lovers 
Try 
Positions 
That 
They 
Can't 
Handle
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6
Q

What is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot joint between the radius & ulna that flips between pronation & supination

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7
Q

What is the radiocarpal joint?

A

This is the MAIN wrist joint

- Occurs between the radius & the scaphoid/ lunate

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8
Q

What bone takes place in the main wrist joint, which does NOT?

A

Ulna does NOT

Radius does

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9
Q

What are the cmc joints? What type of joints are these?

A
  • Joints between the carpals & the metacarpals

- Plane joint

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10
Q

What are the mcp joints? What type of joints are these?

A
  • Metacarpophalangeal

- Condyloid

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11
Q

What are the PIP joints?

A

Proximal interphalangeal joint

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12
Q

What are the DIP joints?

A

Distal interphalangeal joint

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13
Q

Review the radiographic anatomy of the hand.

A

N/A

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14
Q

What is the hamulus or the hook of the hamate (hamulus()?

A

This is an important attachment for muscles

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15
Q

What is a Colles Facture?

A
  • This is the most common forearm fracture
  • Occurs when you trip & fall, and fall on hand
  • More common in older women
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16
Q

What is the characteristic of a Colles Fracture?

A

Distal fragment is displaced dorsally

- This is called a “dinner-fork” deformity

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17
Q

What is a Scaphoid Fracture?

A

This is a fracture of the scaphoid bone, which is the most commonly fracture bone & most difficult to diagnose radiographically
- Mechanism is same as Colles

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18
Q

Why is it important to diagnose a scaphoid fracture early?

A

Fracture disrupts blood flow to the bone–>AVN

Note that blood flows from distal to proximal & fracture can lead to

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19
Q

What finger cannot abduct or adduct?

A

Middle finger

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20
Q

What is it important to remember about the movement of the thumb?

A

Flexion and extension occur in the lateral plane

Adduction and abduction occur perpendicular to flexion & extension

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21
Q

What are the two main compartments of the thumb?

A

Hypothenar

Thenar

22
Q

What are muscles of the thenar eminence innervated by? What is the exception?

A

Recurrent branch of the median n.

*****The deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis is innervated b the ulnar nerve.

23
Q

What are the muscles of the hypothenar eminence innervated by?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar n.

24
Q

What are the thenar muscles?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

25
Q

What are the hypothenar muscles?

A

Opponens digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi

26
Q

What is an alternate name for the flexor digiti minimi?

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

27
Q

What is the adductor pollicis?

A

This is the adductor of the thumb, innerated by the ulnar n.

*****This is NOT a thenar muscle

28
Q

What are the lumbricals?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

29
Q

What is the origin of the lumbricals?

A

Tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus

30
Q

What is the insertion of the lumbricals?

A

Extensor expansion

31
Q

What is the function of the lumbricals?

A

Flex MCP joints
Extend PIP & DIP joints

**Remember the the lumbricals are your “bye-bye” muscles

32
Q

What nerves innervate the lumbricals?

A

Lateral 2= median n.

Medial 2= ulnar n.

33
Q

What are the interossei?

A

These are the intrinsic muscles of the hand between the fingers

34
Q

What is the function of the dorsal interossei? How many are there?

A

4

DAB= Dorsal ABduct

35
Q

What is the function of the palmar interossei?

A

3

PAD= Palmar ADduct

36
Q

Describe the path of the ulnar artery.

A
  • Travels with the nerve in the ulnar canal
  • Gives off a deep branch
  • Becomes superficial palmar arch in the hand
37
Q

What are the branches of the ulnar artery in the hand?

A

1) Common palmar digital arteries branch off

2) Proper palmar digital arteries brach from the common

38
Q

Describe the path of the radial artery.

A

Goes to the dorsum of the hand and dives between the two heads of the first dorsal interossei

39
Q

What are the branches of the radial artery?

A

1) Princeips pollicis

2) Radial indicis

40
Q

What are the anastasmoses of the hand?

A

Superficial arch= common palmar arteries

Deep arch= palmar metacarpal arteries

41
Q

What is the difference between the deep and superficial branches of the ulnar nerve? Functionally?

A 
Superficial= sensory innervation to the hand 
Deep= motor innervation to the hand

**Almost never get one or the other

42
Q

What are the branches of the median nerve?

A
  • Recurrent branch of the median

- Palmar digital= lumbricals

43
Q

What does the recurrent branch innervate?

A

Thenar muscles

44
Q

If there is damage to the recurrent branch are there any manifestations in the lumbricals? Why or why not?

A

No–palmar digital nerves innervate the lumbricals, NOT the recurrent median

45
Q

What is the ulnar canal?

A

Narrow passage between the pisiform & hook of the hamate (hamulus) through which the ulnar nerve passes

46
Q

What is handle bar neuropathy? What is an alternate name for this?

A

Ulnar canal syndrome

  • Compression of the ulnar canal
  • Numbness/tingling in digits #4 & 5
  • Weakness in making a fist b/c intrinsic muscles of the hand are all effected
47
Q

What is ulnar claw?

A

Lumbricals lost= no balance/ neutral position of the hand

  • Ulnar nerve
  • Complete distruption

**Also involves loss of flexor digitorum profundus (medial)

48
Q

Describe the cutaneous innervation of the hand.

A

Ulnar
Radial
Median

49
Q

What is the mnemonic for the muscles innervated by the median nerve?

A

LOAF

L=lateral two lumbricals
O= opponens pollicis
A= abductor pollicis brevis
F= flexor pollicis brevis

*****Adductor is NOT part of this group (ulnar)

50
Q

What passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

Tendons

Median nerve

51
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel

  • Numbness 1-3
  • Loss of motor function to thenar eminence
  • Thenar wasting

Anatomy (35 decks)

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