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Anatomy > Exam #6: Hand > Flashcards

Exam #6: Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Review the osteology of the hand.

A

N/A

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2
Q

What is special about the phalanges of the thumb?

A

The thumb does NOT have a middle phalanx

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3
Q

What bones are in the proximal row of the hand on the palmar view?

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

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4
Q

What bones are in the distal row of the hand?

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

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5
Q

What is the mneomic for the bones of the hand?

A 
Some 
Lovers 
Try 
Positions 
That 
They 
Can't 
Handle
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6
Q

What is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot joint between the radius & ulna that flips between pronation & supination

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7
Q

What is the radiocarpal joint?

A

This is the MAIN wrist joint

- Occurs between the radius & the scaphoid/ lunate

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8
Q

What bone takes place in the main wrist joint, which does NOT?

A

Ulna does NOT

Radius does

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9
Q

What are the cmc joints? What type of joints are these?

A
  • Joints between the carpals & the metacarpals

- Plane joint

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10
Q

What are the mcp joints? What type of joints are these?

A
  • Metacarpophalangeal

- Condyloid

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11
Q

What are the PIP joints?

A

Proximal interphalangeal joint

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12
Q

What are the DIP joints?

A

Distal interphalangeal joint

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13
Q

Review the radiographic anatomy of the hand.

A

N/A

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14
Q

What is the hamulus or the hook of the hamate (hamulus()?

A

This is an important attachment for muscles

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15
Q

What is a Colles Facture?

A
  • This is the most common forearm fracture
  • Occurs when you trip & fall, and fall on hand
  • More common in older women
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16
Q

What is the characteristic of a Colles Fracture?

A

Distal fragment is displaced dorsally

- This is called a “dinner-fork” deformity

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17
Q

What is a Scaphoid Fracture?

A

This is a fracture of the scaphoid bone, which is the most commonly fracture bone & most difficult to diagnose radiographically
- Mechanism is same as Colles

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18
Q

Why is it important to diagnose a scaphoid fracture early?

A

Fracture disrupts blood flow to the bone–>AVN

Note that blood flows from distal to proximal & fracture can lead to

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19
Q

What finger cannot abduct or adduct?

A

Middle finger

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20
Q

What is it important to remember about the movement of the thumb?

A

Flexion and extension occur in the lateral plane

Adduction and abduction occur perpendicular to flexion & extension

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21
Q

What are the two main compartments of the thumb?

A

Hypothenar

Thenar

22
Q

What are muscles of the thenar eminence innervated by? What is the exception?

A

Recurrent branch of the median n.

*****The deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis is innervated b the ulnar nerve.

23
Q

What are the muscles of the hypothenar eminence innervated by?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar n.

24
Q

What are the thenar muscles?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

25
What are the hypothenar muscles?
Opponens digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Abductor digiti minimi
26
What is an alternate name for the flexor digiti minimi?
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
27
What is the adductor pollicis?
This is the adductor of the thumb, innerated by the ulnar n. *****This is NOT a thenar muscle
28
What are the lumbricals?
Intrinsic muscles of the hand
29
What is the origin of the lumbricals?
Tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus
30
What is the insertion of the lumbricals?
Extensor expansion
31
What is the function of the lumbricals?
Flex MCP joints Extend PIP & DIP joints ****Remember the the lumbricals are your "bye-bye" muscles
32
What nerves innervate the lumbricals?
Lateral 2= median n. | Medial 2= ulnar n.
33
What are the interossei?
These are the intrinsic muscles of the hand between the fingers
34
What is the function of the dorsal interossei? How many are there?
4 | DAB= Dorsal ABduct
35
What is the function of the palmar interossei?
3 | PAD= Palmar ADduct
36
Describe the path of the ulnar artery.
- Travels with the nerve in the ulnar canal - Gives off a deep branch - Becomes superficial palmar arch in the hand
37
What are the branches of the ulnar artery in the hand?
1) Common palmar digital arteries branch off | 2) Proper palmar digital arteries brach from the common
38
Describe the path of the radial artery.
Goes to the dorsum of the hand and dives between the two heads of the first dorsal interossei
39
What are the branches of the radial artery?
1) Princeips pollicis | 2) Radial indicis
40
What are the anastasmoses of the hand?
Superficial arch= common palmar arteries | Deep arch= palmar metacarpal arteries
41
What is the difference between the deep and superficial branches of the ulnar nerve? Functionally?
``` Superficial= sensory innervation to the hand Deep= motor innervation to the hand ``` ****Almost never get one or the other
42
What are the branches of the median nerve?
- Recurrent branch of the median | - Palmar digital= lumbricals
43
What does the recurrent branch innervate?
Thenar muscles
44
If there is damage to the recurrent branch are there any manifestations in the lumbricals? Why or why not?
No--palmar digital nerves innervate the lumbricals, NOT the recurrent median
45
What is the ulnar canal?
Narrow passage between the pisiform & hook of the hamate (hamulus) through which the ulnar nerve passes
46
What is handle bar neuropathy? What is an alternate name for this?
Ulnar canal syndrome - Compression of the ulnar canal - Numbness/tingling in digits #4 & 5 - Weakness in making a fist b/c intrinsic muscles of the hand are all effected
47
What is ulnar claw?
Lumbricals lost= no balance/ neutral position of the hand - Ulnar nerve - Complete distruption ****Also involves loss of flexor digitorum profundus (medial)
48
Describe the cutaneous innervation of the hand.
Ulnar Radial Median
49
What is the mnemonic for the muscles innervated by the median nerve?
LOAF L=lateral two lumbricals O= opponens pollicis A= abductor pollicis brevis F= flexor pollicis brevis *****Adductor is NOT part of this group (ulnar)
50
What passes through the carpal tunnel?
Tendons | Median nerve
51
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel - Numbness 1-3 - Loss of motor function to thenar eminence - Thenar wasting

Anatomy (35 decks)

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