Exam #4: Abdominal Cavity I Flashcards
Where does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm? Where should the esophagogastric junction be in relation?
- Esophageal hiatus
- Inferior
What is the most superior portion of the stomach?
Fundus
Where does the food bolus enter the stomach?
Cardiac portion
Gastrohepatic Ligament
Part of the lesser omentum connecting the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach
How many parts are there of the duodenum? Are these parts intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?
- 5 parts
- 1st & 5th parts are intraperitoneal
- 2nd-4th parts are secondarily retroperitoneal
Is the jejunum intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal
Is the ileum intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal
What three characteristics distinguish the large intestine from the small intestine?
1) Taenia coli
2) Haustra
3) Epiploic appendages
Houstra
Pouches along the large intestine
Tenia Coli
3 separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle running the large intestine
Is the cecum intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal
Is the ascending colon intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Secondarily retroperitoneal
What forms the right paracolic gutter?
Ascending colon (space between the abdominal wall & the colon)
Is the transverse colon intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal
What forms the left paracolic gutter?
Descending colon
Is the descending colon intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Secondarily retroperitoneal
Is the sigmoid colon intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal
Are the anus & rectum intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?
Primarily retroperitoneal
What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk? What are these individual arteries supplying oxygenated blood to?
1) Left gastric artery (proximal lesser curvature of stomach)
2) Splenic artery (spleen)
3) Common hepatic artery (liver)
What are the three branches of the splenic artery? What are these individual arteries supplying oxygenated blood to?
1) Pancreatic arteries (pancreas)
2) Short gastric arteries (stomach)
3) Left gastro-omental artery/ gastroepiploic (left side of greater curvature)
What are the three branches of the common hepatic artery? What are these individual arteries supplying oxygenated blood to?
1) Gastroduodenal artery
2) Right gastric artery (right lesser curvature of the stomach)
3) Proper hepatic artery
What are the three branches of the gastroduodenal artery? What are these individual arteries supplying oxygenated blood to?
1) Right gastro-omental/ gastroepiploic artery (right side of the greater curvature)
2) Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (stomach, pancreas & duodenum)
3) Supraduodenal artery (superior duodenum)
What are the branches of the proper hepatic artery?
1) Right hepatic artery
2) Left hepatic artery
What artery supplies blood to the gallbladder? Where does it usually branch off of?
Cystic artery, from the right hepatic artery
What arteries branch off the SMA?
1) Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (head of pancreas & duodenum)
2) Intestinal branches (jejunum & ileum)
3) Ileocolic artery (distal ileum & cecum)
4) R. colic artery (ascending colon)
5) Middle colic artery (transverse colon)
6) Marginal artery
What are the branches of the IMA?
1) Left colic artery (descending colon)
2) Sigmoid artery (sigmoid colon)
3) Superior rectal arteries (proximal rectum)
If the right right gastro-omental artery is blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?
- Left gastro-omental artery
- Greater curvature of the stomach
If the left gastro-omental artery is blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?
- Right gastro-omental artery
- Greater curvature of the stomach
If the right gastric artery is blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?
- Left gastric artery
- Lesser curvature of the stomach
If the left gastric artery is blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?
- Right gastric artery
- Lesser curvature of the stomach
If the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?
- Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (SMA)
- Pancreas & duodenum
If the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?
- Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (celiac trunk) & jejunal arteries
- Pancreas & duodenum
If the jejunal arteries are blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?
- Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
- Jejunum
What arteries does the marginal artery connect?
1) Ileocolic
2) Right colic
3) Middle colic (all SMA)
4) Left colic (IMA)
If the superior rectal arteries are blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?
- Middle & inferior rectal arteries
- Rectum
If the middle & inferior rectal arteries are blocked, what arteries anastomose with it & “take over” blood supply? What region is affected?
- Superior rectal
- Rectum
Where does deoxygenated blood from the gut pass through before entering the IVC?
Hepatic portal system
What are the three main branches of the hepatic portal system?
Splenic vein (foregut)
Superior mesenteric vein (midgut)
Inferior mesenteric vein (hindgut)
What is portal hypertension & what is the cause? What are the clinically relevant consequences?
Portal hypertension= liver disease–> increased resistance through the liver–>blood “finds alternate route” via
1) Esophagus–>esophageal varices
2) Rectum–> internal hemorrhoids
3) Umbilicus–> caput medusa
4) Colon
Describe the sympathetic innervation of the foregut.
- Arise from T5-T9
- Presynaptics pass through sympathetic chain & greater splanchnic nerve
- Synapse at celiac ganglia
- Postsynaptics follow branches of the celiac trunk
Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the foregut.
- Arise from brain
- Pass through vagus nerve (X), celiac plexus, & follow branches of celiac trunk to target organs
- Synapse in ganglia in gut plexus
- Postsynaptics reach targets via short postsynaptic fibers
Describe the sympathetic innervation of the midgut.
- Arise from T10-T12
- Presynaptics pass through sympathetic trunk & lesser/least splanchnic nerves
- Synapse at superior mesenteric ganglion
- Postsynaptics follow branches of the SMA to targets
Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the midgut.
- Arise from brain
- Pass through vagus nerve (X), superior mesenteric plexus, & follow branches of SMA to target organs
- Synapse in ganglia in gut plexus
- Postsynaptics reach targets via short postsynaptic fibers
Describe the sympathetic innervation of the hindgut.
- Arise from L1-L2
- Presynaptics pass through sympathetic trunk & lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1 & L2)
- Synapse at inferior mesenteric ganglion
- Postsynaptics follow branches of the IMA to targets
Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the hindgut.
- Arise from S2-S4 spinal levels
- Pass through sacral spinal nerves (S2-S4), pelvic splanchnic nerves, cranially–> hypogastric plexus & caudally–>inferior mesenteric plexus, & follow branches of IMA to target organs
- Synapse in ganglia in gut plexus
- Postsynaptics reach targets via short postsynaptic fibers
