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Anatomy > Exam #4: Abdominal Cavity II > Flashcards

Exam #4: Abdominal Cavity II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the greater peritoneal sac?

A
  • General abdominal cavity

- Potential space surrounding the stomach & spleen

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2
Q

What is the lesser peritoneal sac?

A
  • Also called omental bursa

- Cavity formed by the lesser & greater omentum

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3
Q

What is the epiploic foramen?

A

Opening between the greater & lesser sacs

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4
Q

What are the three ligaments of the greater omentum?

A

1) Gastrocolic ligament (stomach & transverse colon)
2) Gastrolineal ligament (spleen & greater curvature)
3) Gastrophrenic ligament (stomach & diaphragm)

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5
Q

What are the two ligaments of the lesser omentum?

A

1) Hepatoduodenal ligament (liver & duodenum)

2) Hepatogastric ligament (liver & stomach)

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6
Q

What is the dorsal mesointestine?

A

The mesentery or “frilly skirt” that supports the ileum & jejunum

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7
Q

What does the dorsal mesocolon support?

A

Cecum

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8
Q

What does the mesoappendix support? What does it connect?

A
  • Appendix

- Connects appendix to cecum & ileum

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9
Q

What divides the abdominal cavity into supracolic & infracolic compartments?

A

Transverse mesocolon

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10
Q

What organs are in the supracolic compartment?

A

Stomach
Liver
Spleen

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11
Q

What organs are in the infracolic compartment?

A

Small intestine

Ascending & descending colon

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12
Q

What does the sigmoid mesocolon support?

A

Sigmoid colon

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13
Q

What does the lienorenal ligament connect?

A

Left kidney & spleen

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14
Q

What does the gastrolienal ligament connect?

A

Stomach & spleen

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15
Q

What two ligaments are associated with the spleen?

A

Lienorenal ligament

Gastrolienal ligament

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16
Q

What four ligaments are associated with the liver?

A

Coronary ligament
Hepatorenal ligament
Falciform ligament
Ligamentum teres (round ligament)

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17
Q

What is the coronary ligament?

A

Connects liver to diaphragm

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18
Q

What is the hepatorenal ligament?

A

Fold or pouch of peritoneum that extends from the lower posterior surface of the liver to the anterior surface of the right kidney and forms the right margin of the epiploic foramen.

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19
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

Remnant of ventral mesentery connecting liver to anterior body wall

20
Q

What is the ligamentum teres?

A
  • Round ligament
  • Part of the falciform ligament that is the remnant of the fetal umbilical vein (oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus)
21
Q

List the cross-sectional layers of the digestive tract from external to internal.

A

Visceral peritoneum/ serosa
Muscularis externa (outer long. layer & inner circular)
Submucosa
Mucosa

22
Q

What are the three layers of the mucosa?

A

1) Muscularis mucosa
2) Lamina propria
3) Epithelium

23
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

Movement of food from the mouth to stomach

24
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A
  • Reservoir for food

- Mechanical breakdown of food that is aided by stomach acid

25
Q

What are rugae?

A

Folds in the stomach wall that accommodate stomach stretching

26
Q

What is the difference between sliding & paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

A 
Sliding= intermittent 
Paraesophageal= Permanent
27
Q

What are the functions of the small intestine?

A
  • Absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, & water
  • Chemical digestion of chyme
  • Acid neutralization (sodium bicarbonate)
  • Fat breakdown (bile)
  • Other food breakdown (pancreatic juices)
  • Intrinsic intestinal glands secret juices to further breakdown food
28
Q

Where are iron & Vitamin B12 absorbed?

A 
Iron= duodenum 
B12= ileum
29
Q

What is the difference between the major & minor duodenal papillae?

A 
Major= bile & pancreas secretions into duodenum 
Minor= superior & pancreas ONLY
30
Q

List the characteristics of the jejunum.

A 
Deep red
Thick & heavy 
More vascularity 
Long vasa recta 
1 large arcade loop 
Less fat in mesentery 
Plicae circulares are large & numerous
31
Q

List the characteristics of the ileum.

A 
Pinkish
Thin & light 
Less vascularity 
Short vasa recta 
Many arcades 
More fat in mesentery 
Plicae circulares are low & sparse
32
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine?

A
  • Absorb water & salts

- Contains commensal bacteria that synthesize vitamins–> esp. important in malnourished

33
Q

What are the three characteristics of the large intestine?

A

1) Haustra
2) Omental appendices
3) Taenia coli

34
Q

What is the function of the appendix?

A

Storage of commensal bacteria & support of immune system

35
Q

Plicae circulares vs. Plicae semilunares

A 
Circulares= small intestine 
Semilunares= large intestine
36
Q

What plexus innervates the liver?

A

Celiac plexus

37
Q

What are the four functions of the liver?

A

1) Protein synthesis
2) Bile secretion
3) Carbohydrate metabolism
4) Detoxification

38
Q

Protal vein vs. Hepatic artery

A

Portal vein= deoxygenated blood from gut

Hepatic artery= oxygenated blood to liver cells

39
Q

What innervates the gallbladder?

A

Celiac plexus & some afferents from the phrenic nerve

40
Q

What are the functions of the gallbladder?

A

Store & concentrate bile

41
Q

What are gallstones?

A
  • “Pebble-like” deposits that form in the gallbladder

- Pain occurs when a stone blocks the cystic duct or common bile duct

42
Q

What innervates the pancreas?

A

Celiac plexus & superior mesenteric plexus

43
Q

What are the functions of the pancreas?

A
  • Principal enzyme producing accessory gland of digestive system
  • Pancreatic juice that breaks down organic constituents of food
  • Insulin secretion
44
Q

What innervates the spleen?

A

Celiac plexus

45
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A
  • Secondary lymphoid organ
  • Proliferation of mature lymphocytes in response to antigens
  • Antibody secretion
  • Destruction & recycling of old RBCs
  • Reservoir for deployment of undifferentiated monocytes

Anatomy (35 decks)

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