Exam #4: Abdominal Cavity II Flashcards
What is the greater peritoneal sac?
- General abdominal cavity
- Potential space surrounding the stomach & spleen
What is the lesser peritoneal sac?
- Also called omental bursa
- Cavity formed by the lesser & greater omentum
What is the epiploic foramen?
Opening between the greater & lesser sacs
What are the three ligaments of the greater omentum?
1) Gastrocolic ligament (stomach & transverse colon)
2) Gastrolineal ligament (spleen & greater curvature)
3) Gastrophrenic ligament (stomach & diaphragm)
What are the two ligaments of the lesser omentum?
1) Hepatoduodenal ligament (liver & duodenum)
2) Hepatogastric ligament (liver & stomach)
What is the dorsal mesointestine?
The mesentery or “frilly skirt” that supports the ileum & jejunum
What does the dorsal mesocolon support?
Cecum
What does the mesoappendix support? What does it connect?
- Appendix
- Connects appendix to cecum & ileum
What divides the abdominal cavity into supracolic & infracolic compartments?
Transverse mesocolon
What organs are in the supracolic compartment?
Stomach
Liver
Spleen
What organs are in the infracolic compartment?
Small intestine
Ascending & descending colon
What does the sigmoid mesocolon support?
Sigmoid colon
What does the lienorenal ligament connect?
Left kidney & spleen
What does the gastrolienal ligament connect?
Stomach & spleen
What two ligaments are associated with the spleen?
Lienorenal ligament
Gastrolienal ligament
What four ligaments are associated with the liver?
Coronary ligament
Hepatorenal ligament
Falciform ligament
Ligamentum teres (round ligament)
What is the coronary ligament?
Connects liver to diaphragm
What is the hepatorenal ligament?
Fold or pouch of peritoneum that extends from the lower posterior surface of the liver to the anterior surface of the right kidney and forms the right margin of the epiploic foramen.
What is the falciform ligament?
Remnant of ventral mesentery connecting liver to anterior body wall
What is the ligamentum teres?
- Round ligament
- Part of the falciform ligament that is the remnant of the fetal umbilical vein (oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus)
List the cross-sectional layers of the digestive tract from external to internal.
Visceral peritoneum/ serosa
Muscularis externa (outer long. layer & inner circular)
Submucosa
Mucosa
What are the three layers of the mucosa?
1) Muscularis mucosa
2) Lamina propria
3) Epithelium
What is the function of the esophagus?
Movement of food from the mouth to stomach
What are the functions of the stomach?
- Reservoir for food
- Mechanical breakdown of food that is aided by stomach acid
What are rugae?
Folds in the stomach wall that accommodate stomach stretching
What is the difference between sliding & paraesophageal hiatal hernia?
Sliding= intermittent Paraesophageal= Permanent
What are the functions of the small intestine?
- Absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, & water
- Chemical digestion of chyme
- Acid neutralization (sodium bicarbonate)
- Fat breakdown (bile)
- Other food breakdown (pancreatic juices)
- Intrinsic intestinal glands secret juices to further breakdown food
Where are iron & Vitamin B12 absorbed?
Iron= duodenum B12= ileum
What is the difference between the major & minor duodenal papillae?
Major= bile & pancreas secretions into duodenum Minor= superior & pancreas ONLY
List the characteristics of the jejunum.
Deep red Thick & heavy More vascularity Long vasa recta 1 large arcade loop Less fat in mesentery Plicae circulares are large & numerous
List the characteristics of the ileum.
Pinkish Thin & light Less vascularity Short vasa recta Many arcades More fat in mesentery Plicae circulares are low & sparse
What are the functions of the large intestine?
- Absorb water & salts
- Contains commensal bacteria that synthesize vitamins–> esp. important in malnourished
What are the three characteristics of the large intestine?
1) Haustra
2) Omental appendices
3) Taenia coli
What is the function of the appendix?
Storage of commensal bacteria & support of immune system
Plicae circulares vs. Plicae semilunares
Circulares= small intestine Semilunares= large intestine
What plexus innervates the liver?
Celiac plexus
What are the four functions of the liver?
1) Protein synthesis
2) Bile secretion
3) Carbohydrate metabolism
4) Detoxification
Protal vein vs. Hepatic artery
Portal vein= deoxygenated blood from gut
Hepatic artery= oxygenated blood to liver cells
What innervates the gallbladder?
Celiac plexus & some afferents from the phrenic nerve
What are the functions of the gallbladder?
Store & concentrate bile
What are gallstones?
- “Pebble-like” deposits that form in the gallbladder
- Pain occurs when a stone blocks the cystic duct or common bile duct
What innervates the pancreas?
Celiac plexus & superior mesenteric plexus
What are the functions of the pancreas?
- Principal enzyme producing accessory gland of digestive system
- Pancreatic juice that breaks down organic constituents of food
- Insulin secretion
What innervates the spleen?
Celiac plexus
What are the functions of the spleen?
- Secondary lymphoid organ
- Proliferation of mature lymphocytes in response to antigens
- Antibody secretion
- Destruction & recycling of old RBCs
- Reservoir for deployment of undifferentiated monocytes
