Exam #4: Abdominal Cavity II

Question 1

What is the greater peritoneal sac?

Answer 1

• General abdominal cavity

- Potential space surrounding the stomach & spleen

Question 2

What is the lesser peritoneal sac?

Answer 2

• Also called omental bursa

- Cavity formed by the lesser & greater omentum

Question 3

What is the epiploic foramen?

Answer 3

Opening between the greater & lesser sacs

Question 4

What are the three ligaments of the greater omentum?

Answer 4

1) Gastrocolic ligament (stomach & transverse colon)
2) Gastrolineal ligament (spleen & greater curvature)
3) Gastrophrenic ligament (stomach & diaphragm)

Question 5

What are the two ligaments of the lesser omentum?

Answer 5

1) Hepatoduodenal ligament (liver & duodenum)

2) Hepatogastric ligament (liver & stomach)

Question 6

What is the dorsal mesointestine?

Answer 6

The mesentery or “frilly skirt” that supports the ileum & jejunum

Question 7

What does the dorsal mesocolon support?

Answer 7

Cecum

Question 8

What does the mesoappendix support? What does it connect?

Answer 8

• Appendix

- Connects appendix to cecum & ileum

Question 9

What divides the abdominal cavity into supracolic & infracolic compartments?

Answer 9

Transverse mesocolon

Question 10

What organs are in the supracolic compartment?

Answer 10

Stomach
Liver
Spleen

Question 11

What organs are in the infracolic compartment?

Answer 11

Small intestine

Ascending & descending colon

Question 12

What does the sigmoid mesocolon support?

Answer 12

Sigmoid colon

Question 13

What does the lienorenal ligament connect?

Answer 13

Left kidney & spleen

Question 14

What does the gastrolienal ligament connect?

Answer 14

Stomach & spleen

Question 15

What two ligaments are associated with the spleen?

Answer 15

Lienorenal ligament

Gastrolienal ligament

Question 16

What four ligaments are associated with the liver?

Answer 16

Coronary ligament
Hepatorenal ligament
Falciform ligament
Ligamentum teres (round ligament)

Question 17

What is the coronary ligament?

Answer 17

Connects liver to diaphragm

Question 18

What is the hepatorenal ligament?

Answer 18

Fold or pouch of peritoneum that extends from the lower posterior surface of the liver to the anterior surface of the right kidney and forms the right margin of the epiploic foramen.

Question 19

What is the falciform ligament?

Answer 19

Remnant of ventral mesentery connecting liver to anterior body wall

Question 20

What is the ligamentum teres?

Answer 20

• Round ligament
• Part of the falciform ligament that is the remnant of the fetal umbilical vein (oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus)

Question 21

List the cross-sectional layers of the digestive tract from external to internal.

Answer 21

Visceral peritoneum/ serosa
Muscularis externa (outer long. layer & inner circular)
Submucosa
Mucosa

Question 22

What are the three layers of the mucosa?

Answer 22

1) Muscularis mucosa
2) Lamina propria
3) Epithelium

Question 23

What is the function of the esophagus?

Answer 23

Movement of food from the mouth to stomach

Question 24

What are the functions of the stomach?

Answer 24

• Reservoir for food

- Mechanical breakdown of food that is aided by stomach acid

Question 25

What are rugae?

Answer 25

Folds in the stomach wall that accommodate stomach stretching

Question 26

What is the difference between sliding & paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

Answer 26

``` Sliding= intermittent Paraesophageal= Permanent ```

Question 27

What are the functions of the small intestine?

Answer 27

- Absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, & water - Chemical digestion of chyme - Acid neutralization (sodium bicarbonate) - Fat breakdown (bile) - Other food breakdown (pancreatic juices) - Intrinsic intestinal glands secret juices to further breakdown food

Question 28

Where are iron & Vitamin B12 absorbed?

Answer 28

``` Iron= duodenum B12= ileum ```

Question 29

What is the difference between the major & minor duodenal papillae?

Answer 29

``` Major= bile & pancreas secretions into duodenum Minor= superior & pancreas ONLY ```

Question 30

List the characteristics of the jejunum.

Answer 30

``` Deep red Thick & heavy More vascularity Long vasa recta 1 large arcade loop Less fat in mesentery Plicae circulares are large & numerous ```

Question 31

List the characteristics of the ileum.

Answer 31

``` Pinkish Thin & light Less vascularity Short vasa recta Many arcades More fat in mesentery Plicae circulares are low & sparse ```

Question 32

What are the functions of the large intestine?

Answer 32

- Absorb water & salts | - Contains commensal bacteria that synthesize vitamins--> esp. important in malnourished

Question 33

What are the three characteristics of the large intestine?

Answer 33

1) Haustra 2) Omental appendices 3) Taenia coli

Question 34

What is the function of the appendix?

Answer 34

Storage of commensal bacteria & support of immune system

Question 35

Plicae circulares vs. Plicae semilunares

Answer 35

``` Circulares= small intestine Semilunares= large intestine ```

Question 36

What plexus innervates the liver?

Answer 36

Celiac plexus

Question 37

What are the four functions of the liver?

Answer 37

1) Protein synthesis 2) Bile secretion 3) Carbohydrate metabolism 4) Detoxification

Question 38

Protal vein vs. Hepatic artery

Answer 38

Portal vein= deoxygenated blood from gut | Hepatic artery= oxygenated blood to liver cells

Question 39

What innervates the gallbladder?

Answer 39

Celiac plexus & some afferents from the phrenic nerve

Question 40

What are the functions of the gallbladder?

Answer 40

Store & concentrate bile

Question 41

What are gallstones?

Answer 41

- "Pebble-like" deposits that form in the gallbladder | - Pain occurs when a stone blocks the cystic duct or common bile duct

Question 42

What innervates the pancreas?

Answer 42

Celiac plexus & superior mesenteric plexus

Question 43

What are the functions of the pancreas?

Answer 43

- Principal enzyme producing accessory gland of digestive system - Pancreatic juice that breaks down organic constituents of food - Insulin secretion

Question 44

What innervates the spleen?

Answer 44

Celiac plexus

Question 45

What are the functions of the spleen?

Answer 45

- Secondary lymphoid organ - Proliferation of mature lymphocytes in response to antigens - Antibody secretion - Destruction & recycling of old RBCs - Reservoir for deployment of undifferentiated monocytes