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Anatomy > Exam #5: Foot > Flashcards

Exam #5: Foot Flashcards

1
Q

How many tarsals are there?

A

7

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2
Q

How many metatarsals are there?

A

5

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3
Q

How many phalanges are there?

A

14 (great toe only has 2)

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4
Q

What are the bones of the hindfoot?

A

Talus & calcaneus

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5
Q

What are the bones of the midfoot?

A

Navicular, cuneiforms, & cobuoid

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6
Q

What are the bones of the forefoot?

A

Metatarsals & phalanges

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7
Q

What is the ball of the foot?

A

Sole underlying the sesamoid bones & heads of the medial two metatarsals

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8
Q

What is the deep fascia continuous with in the foot?

A

Crural fascia & the fascia of the plantar surface of the foot

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9
Q

What forms the inferior extensor retinaculum?

A

Deep fascia of the foot

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10
Q

What are the three parts of the inferior extensor retinaculum?

A

1) Stem (originates from the calcaneus)
2) Superomedial limb
3) Inferomedial limb

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11
Q

Where does the superomedial limb of the inferior extensor retinaculum attach?

A

Medial malleolus

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12
Q

Where does the inferomedial limb of the inferior extensor retinaculum attach?

A

Blends with the plantar fascia

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13
Q

What nerve innervates the medial side of the foot, as far as the 1st metatarsal (Dorsum)?

A

Saphenous nerve (L3, L4)

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14
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral aspect of the foot, proximal to the tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal (Dorsum)?

A

Lateral dorsal cutaneous branch of the sural nerve (S1, S2)

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15
Q

What nerve innervates the middle part of the dorsum of the foot & the medial aspect of the great toe?

A

Medial & intermediate dorsal cutaneous branches of the superficial peroneal nerve

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16
Q

What nerve innervates the web-space between the great toe & the second toe?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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17
Q

What muscles provides tendons to the dorsum of each of the four lateral toes?

A

Extensor digitorum longus

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18
Q

What muscle provides the tendon to the dorsum of the great toe?

A

Extensor hallucis longus

19
Q

What is the only intrinsic muscle of the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

20
Q

What is the function of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis?

A

Extension of toes 2-4

21
Q

What muscles is part of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis and goes to the great toe?

A

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

22
Q

Describe the course of the Anterior Tibial Artery into the foot.

A
  • The Dorsalis Pedis a. is the direct continuation of the Anterior Tibial a. in the foot.
  • The DP courses between the tendon of the EHL & Extensor Digitorum Brevis
  • The DP first gives off Medial & Lateral Tarsal a.
  • As the DP passes into the first interosseous space, it gives off the Arcuate a.
  • The DP then divides into the Deep Plantar a. that goes to the sole of the foot, and the 1st Dorsal Metatarsal Artery
  • The Deep Plantar a. connects with the Deep Plantar Arch of the Lateral Plantar a.
23
Q

What are the branches of the Arcuate a.?

A
  • Three Dorsal Metatarsal a. (2-4)

- Each Dorsal Metatarsal a. gives off 2x Dorsal Digital a.

24
Q

What do the Perforating a. connect?

A

Dorsal Metatarsal a. with the Deep Plantar Arch

25
Q

What is unique about the 1st Dorsal Metatarsal a.?

A

Gives rise to 3 (vs. 2x) Dorsal Digital a.

26
Q

What are the most distal veins of the foot? What do they drain into?

A

Dorsal digital veins–>Dorsal metatarsal veins

27
Q

What do the Dorsal Metatarsal v. drain into?

A

Dorsal venous arch

28
Q

What does the Dorsal Venous Arch give rise to on the medial side? What does the Dorsal Venous Arch gives rise to on the lateral side?

A

Medial= Medial Marginal Vein

Lateral= Lateral Marginal Vein

29
Q

What vein gives rise to the Great Saphenous Vein? Where does this occur?

A

The Medial Marginal Vein gives rise to the Great Saphenous Vein, anterior to the Medial Malleolus

30
Q

What vein does the Lateral Marginal Vein give rise to?

A

Small saphenous vein on the posterior aspect of the leg, behind the lateral malleolus

31
Q

What nerve innervates the heel?

A

Medial calcaneal branch of the Tibial Nerve (S1, S2)

32
Q

What nerve innervates the medial aspect of the plantar foot, proximal to the great toe?

A

Saphenous nerve (L3, L4)

33
Q

What nerve innervates the ball of the foot & medial 3.5 toes?

A

Medial Plantar Nerve (L4, L5)

34
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral 1.5 toes?

A

Lateral Plantar Nerve (S1 & S2)

35
Q

What muscles are in the first layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?

A

1) Abductor hallucis
2) Flexor digitorum brevis
3) Abductor digiti minimi

36
Q

What is in the second layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?

A

Remember 2nd layer= 2 muscles & 2 tendons

Tendons=

  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus

Muscles=

  • Quadratus plantae
  • Lumbrical muscles (x4)
37
Q

What is in the third layer of the plantar foot?

A

Remember 3rd layer= 3 muscles

1) Flexor digiti minimi brevis
2) Adductor hallicus (oblique & transverse heads)
3) Flexor hallucis brevis

38
Q

What is in the fourth layer of the plantar foot?

A

Remember 2 muscles & 2 tendons:

Tendons=

  • Peroneus longus
  • Tibialis posterior tendon

Muscles=

  • Plantar interossei
  • Dorsal interossei
39
Q

What are the branches of the Tibial nerve that extend into the foot?

A

1) Medial calcaneal= heel
2) Medal plantar= medial 3.5 toes
3) Lateral plantar= lateral 1.5 toes

40
Q

What are the four muscles innervated by the medial plantar nerve? What provides the motor branches the the remainder of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

1) 1st Lumbrical
2) Abductor Hallucis
3) Flexor Digitorum Brevis
4) Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Mnemonic= “LAFF muscles”

Lateral plantar= rest

41
Q

How many dorsal interossei are there?

42
Q

What is the function of the dorsal interossei?

43
Q

How many plantar interossei are there?

44
Q

What is the function of the plantar interossei?

Anatomy (35 decks)

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