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Anatomy > Exam #4: Inguinal Canal > Flashcards

Exam #4: Inguinal Canal Flashcards

1
Q

Why are the testes outside of the body?

A

1) Sperm production is more effective at lower temperatures

2) Sperm are “re-activated” by entering a warm enviornment

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2
Q

Describe the layers of the fascia & muscles surrounding the testes from inside to outside.

A
  • Tunica Albugenia
  • Visceral Layer of the Tunica Vaginalis
  • Parietal Layer of Tunica Vaginalis
  • Internal Spermatic Fascia
  • Cremaster Muscle & Fascia
  • External Spermatic Fascia
  • Dartos Fascia
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3
Q

What is the tunica albugenia?

A

Tough white fibrous covering on the testicle

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4
Q

Where are sperm formed?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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5
Q

Where are sperm stored?

A

Epididymis

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6
Q

What carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra?

A

Ductus (vas) Deferens

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7
Q

Describe the path that sperm takes from the seminiferous tubules to the penis.

A
  • Seminiferous tubules
  • Straight tubules
  • Rete testes
  • Efferent ductules
  • Epididymis (head, body, & tail)
  • Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)
  • Urethra
  • Penis
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8
Q

What fascial layer forms the deep ring?

A

Transversalis fascia

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9
Q

What fascial layer forms the superficial ring?

A

External oblique fascia

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10
Q

What three abdominal muscle layers form the arches of the inguinal canal? Which are pierced by the spermatic cord & which is not?

A
  • Transversus abdominus (NOT pierced by the spermatic cord)
  • Internal oblique
  • External oblique
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11
Q

Developmentally, what pulls the testis through the body wall?

A

Gubernaculum

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12
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum become in the spermatic cord?

A

Tunica vaginalis

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13
Q

What does the transversalis fascia become in the spermatic cord?

A

Inner spermatic fascia

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14
Q

What does the transversus abdominus become in the spermatic cord?

A

Nothing

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15
Q

What does the internal oblique become in the spermatic cord?

A

Cremasteric muscle & fascia

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16
Q

What does the external oblique become in the spermatic cord?

A

External spermatic fascia

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17
Q

What does Scarpa’s fascia become in the spermatic cord?

A

Dartos muscle & fascia

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18
Q

What does Camper’s fascia become in the spermatic cord?

A

Nothing

19
Q

What does the skin of the abdominal wall become?

A

Skin of the scrotum

20
Q

What are the borders of the inguinal canal?

A
  • Anterior= aponeurosis of external oblique m.
  • Floor= inguinal ligament (from external oblique)
  • Floor Medially= lacunar ligament
  • Posteriorly= trasnversalis fascia
  • Posterior Medially= conjoint tendon (fused aponeurosis of the internal oblique & tranverse abdominis)
21
Q

How do the functions of the cremaster muscle & dartos muscle differ?

A

Cremaster m.= pulls testicles into body

Dartos m.= wrinkles the scrotum

22
Q

What artery oxygenates the testicles? What artery does it branch from?

A

Testicular artery, a branch off the aorta

23
Q

What artery oxygenates the cremaster m.? What artery does it branch from?

A

Cremaster artery, a branch off the inferior epigastric artery

24
Q

What artery oxygenates the ductus deferens? What artery does it branch from?

A

Ductus deferens artery, a branch off the inferior vesicular artery

25
Q

What is the pampiniform plexus?

A

Venous network formed by ~12 veins that functions to cool the blood in the testicles (counter-current heat exchange)

26
Q

What nerve innervates the pyramidalis m.?

A

Subcostal (T12)

27
Q

What nerve innervates the cremaster m.?

A

Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

28
Q

What nerve innervates the dartos m.?

A

Sympathetics running with the ilioinguinal & posterior scrotal nerves

29
Q

What artery is homologous to the Testicular Artery, which is present in females? Does this artery pass through the inguinal canal?

A

Ovarian Artery; NO

30
Q

What is the difference between the right & left testicular veins?

A

Right drains into the IVC

Left drains into the left renal artery

31
Q

In females, what does the gubernaculum become?

A 
Cranially= ovarian ligament 
Caudally= round ligament
32
Q

Describe the formation of the inguinal canal in males.

A
  • Begins during the 7th week of development
  • Projection of parietal peritoneum called the processus vaginalis begins to invaginate through the body wall next to the gubernaculum
  • As the body grows, the gubernaculum is pulled down
  • 8th month, testicle is starting into the inguinal canal but the scrotum is empty
  • 9th month, testicles descend into the scrotum
33
Q

Direct Hernia

A
  • Hernia through an acquired weakening in the body wall
  • Through Hasselbach’s triangle
  • Goes through superficial ring but NOT into spermatic cord
34
Q

Indirect Hernia

A
  • Hernia through weak processes vaginalis INTO spermatic cord
  • More common in younger males
35
Q

Femoral Hernia

A

Hernia below the inguinal ligament where the femoral vessels push through

36
Q

Hydrocele/ Hematocele

A

Serous fluid or blood build up in the tunica vaginalis

37
Q

Sebaceous cyst

A

General condition of cyst within the epidermis; often related to infection of a hair follicle

38
Q

Spermatocele

A

Cyst within the head of the epididymis; patient may confuse for testicular cancer

39
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Failure of testes to properly descend; more common in premature babies (9th month descent of testicles)

40
Q

Monorchidism

A

Single testicle

41
Q

Polyorchidism

A

More than 2 testicles

42
Q

Ectopic testes

A

Testes that deviate from the normal path & lodge somewhere in the abdominal cavity

43
Q

Vasectomy

A

Vas Deferens is cut & can be tied or not

Anatomy (35 decks)

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