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Anatomy > Exam #4: Perineum II > Flashcards

Exam #4: Perineum II Flashcards

1
Q

What does the deep (investing fascia) of the perineum envelop? What is it fused to?

A

Muscles of the perineum

  • Ischiocavernosus
  • Bulbospongiosus
  • Superficial transverse perineal

Suspensory ligament of the penis or clitoris

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2
Q

What is Buck’s Fascia?

A
  • Continuation of the deep fascia in the penis
  • Surrounds the corpora cavernosa & corpus spongiosum in the penis
  • Is surrounded by the superficial penile fascia
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3
Q

What is the male superficial perineal pouch? What are its borders?

A

A potential space between Colles fascia & the perineal membrane superior to it. Borders=

  • Membranous/ Colles Fascia
  • Perineal Membrane
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4
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A

Thin inferior fascia of the UG diaphragm

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5
Q

What are the borders of the male deep perineal pouch?

A
  • Superior fascia of UG diaphragm

- Inferior fascia of UG diaphragm (perineal membrane)

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6
Q

What are the contents of the male superficial perineal pouch?

A
  • Root of penis
  • Ischiocavernosus m.
  • Bulbospongiosus m.
  • Superficial transverse perineal m.
  • Spongy urethra
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7
Q

What is the deep perineal pouch? What are the borders of the deep perineal pouch, & what are the contents of the male deep perineal pouch?

A

A space between the perineal membrane & the superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.

  • Membranous urethra
  • External urethral sphincter
  • Bulbouretheral (Cowper’s) gland
  • Deep transverse perineal m.
  • Dorsal nerve of penis
  • Internal pudendal & arterial branches
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8
Q

What fascia attaches to & contains the dartos muscle in the scrotum?

A

Colles Fascia (formerly Scarpa’s Fascia in abd.)

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9
Q

What is the function of the dartos muscle?

A
  • Smooth muscle
  • Helps elevate the testis a little w/ wrinkling
  • Thermoregulation
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10
Q

What innervates the dartos muscle?

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

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11
Q

Describe the fascial layers of the penis from superficial to deep.

A

Superficial= Colles Fascia that surrounds the penis under skin
Deep= Buck’s Fascia, which binds erectile bodies together
Tunica Albuginea= surrounds the corpora cavernosa & corpus spongiosum (erectile bodies)

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12
Q

What is the root of the penis?

A

Attached part of the penis that contains three erectile tissues:

  • Bulb–corpus spongiosum attached to the perineal membrane of UG diaphragm
  • R & L crura–corpus cavernosum, attached to ischiopubic rami
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13
Q

What is the body of the penis?

A

Continuation of erectile tissues from root:

  • 1x Corpus spongiosum, cont. of bulb
  • 2x Corpus cavernosum, cont. of crura
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14
Q

Where does the proximal spongy urethra open?

A

External uretheral meatus

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15
Q

What muscles cover the bulb & crura?

A 
Bulb= Bulbospongiosus m. 
Crura= Ischiocavernosus m.
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16
Q

What is the function of the bulbospongiosus muscle?

A

Compress bulb which:

  • Empties the spongy urethra of residual urine/ semen
  • Erection
17
Q

What is the function of the ischiocavernosus muscles?

A

Compress crura which achieves & maintains erection

18
Q

What are the superficial transverse perineal muscles?

A

Small muscles arising from ischial tuberosity & inserting into perineal body

19
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Small fibrous mass in center of perineum

20
Q

What structures attach to the perineal body?

A
  • External anal sphincter
  • Bulbospongiosus
  • Superficial transverse perineal muscles
21
Q

What two muscles are contained within the male deep perineal pouch?

A

1) External sphincter urethrae

2) Deep transverse perineal muscle

22
Q

What is the bulbourethral gland & what is its function?

A
  • Gland of the male deep perineal pouch w/ ducts extending into the spongy urethra
  • Functions to produce fluid that a) neutralizes the acid pH of urine & b) lubricates penis during sexual arousal (doesn’t contribute much)
23
Q

What is the mons pubis?

A
  • Region of the “vagina” above the clitoris (pubic hair)

- Fat filled for protection during intercourse

24
Q

What are the labia majora?

A
  • Homologous structure to scrotum

- Prominent fold of skin that is fat filled (protection)– has pubic hair

25
Q

What are the labia minora?

A

Delicate mucus membrane folds medial to labia majora

26
Q

What is the vestibule? What does it contain?

A

Space between labia minora

  • External meati of urethra
  • Vagina (vaginal opening)
  • Greater vestibular glands
27
Q

What is the function of the greater vestibular glands?

A

Secretion of lubricating fluid for intercourse

28
Q

What is the prepuce?

A

Hood that protects the clitoris

29
Q

What is the frenulum?

A

Fold of mucus membrane between clitoris & labia minora

30
Q

How does the erectile tissue of the female differ from the male?

A
  • Bulb of the vestibule is homologous with the bulb of the penis & corpus spongiosum; however, it is divided into 2x parts & does NOT have an erectile function
  • There are R & L crura w/ corpus cavernosa that DO have erectile function

Only the corpus cavernosa in the female is erectile

31
Q

What muscles cover the vestibular bulbs?

A

Bulbospongiosus m.

32
Q

What muscles cover the R & L crura in females?

A

Ischiocavernosus m.

33
Q

How is a pudendal nerve block performed?

A

1) Insert fingers into vagina
2) Palpate IT
3) Inject anesthetic toward IT

34
Q

What is a complication of damage to the perineal body during parturition?

A

Prolapsed uterus

35
Q

What is an episiotomy?

A

A surgical incision posterior or lateral from the vaginal opening to aid in parturition & provide clean edges of skin for repair

36
Q

Describe the general innervation of the perineal organs (somatic, sympathetic, & parasympathetic).

A 
Somatic= Pudendal Nerve (S2-4) 
Sympathetic= T11-L2 
Parasympathetic= S2-4 (Pelvic splanchnic nerves)
37
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the innervation of sexual function?

A 
Point= Parasympathetic (Erection) 
Shoot= Sympathetic (Emission) 
Score= Somatic (Ejaculation)
38
Q

How do the autonomic nervous systems function in ejaculation?

A 
Sympathetics= close internal urethral sphincter (prevent reflux) 
Parasympathetics= contract urethral muscle

Anatomy (35 decks)

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