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Anatomy > Exam #3: Deep Back > Flashcards

Exam #3: Deep Back Flashcards

1
Q

Which germ layer are the deep back muscles derived from?

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

Which germ layer do somites differentiate from?

A

Mesoderm

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3
Q

What do somites differentiate into?

A
  • Sclerotomes
  • Myotomes
  • Dermatomes
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4
Q

What does the myotome give rise to?

A

Myoblast cells

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5
Q

What are myoblast cells?

A

Embryonic muscle cells

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6
Q

What two layers do myotomes divide into?

A

Epaxial & Hypaxial

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7
Q

Epaxial

A

Dorsal division of the myotome

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8
Q

Hypaxial

A

Ventral division of the myotome

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9
Q

Nerve supply to the epaxial division

A

Dorsal Primary Ramus

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10
Q

Nerve supply to the hypaxial division

A

Ventral Primary Ramus

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11
Q

What muscles are derived from the epaxial division?

A

Deep Extensor Muscles of the Back

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12
Q

What muscles are derived from the hypaxial division?

A

1) Infrahyoid
2) Flexor muscles of the vertebral column
3) Quadratus Lumborum

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13
Q

What is the functional outcome of the origins and insertions of the deep back muscles over-lapping?

A

Smooth movement during flexion, extension, and rotation

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14
Q

What is the main function of the muscles of the deep back?

A
  • Support body weight by extending the vertebral column
  • Maintaining posture & balance
  • Movement of the back
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15
Q

What are the only muscles of the body innervated by the Dorsal Primary Ramus?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the deep back

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16
Q

Anatomically, what is a back strain?

A

Microscopic tearing of intrinsic muscle cells or ligaments

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17
Q

How are the muscles of the deep back innervated?

A

Segmentally by the dorsal primary ramus

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18
Q

What are the five major groups of intrinsic back muscles?

A

1) Splenius Group
2) Erector Spinae Group
3) Trasversopinalis Group
4) Suboccipital Muscles
5) Segmental Group

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19
Q

Splenius Group

A
  • Arise from the posterior midline and travel laterally & superiorly
  • Mainly assist withe head movements
20
Q

Erector Spinae Group

A

Arise from midline or slightly laterally and run longitudinally (straight up & down)

21
Q

Transversospinalis Group

A

Arise laterally from the transverse procesess and travel to the midline/spinous process to their insertion

22
Q

What are the three layers of muscles in the deep back?

A

1) Superficial Layer
2) Intermediate Layer
3) Deep Layer

23
Q

Superficial Layer

A
  • Erector Spinae

- Splenius

24
Q

Intermediate Layer

A

Transversospinalis

25
Q

Deep Layer

A
  • Segmental Muscles

- Suboccipital Muscles

26
Q

What are the two muscles of the Splenius Group?

A
  • Splenius Capitus (superior)

- Splenius Cervicis (inferior)

27
Q

What is the difference between the splenius capitus and splenius cervicis?

A

Splenius Capitus inserts into the skull & the Splenius Cervicis does NOT (inserts into the neck)

28
Q

What are the three columns of Erector Spinae muscles?

A

1) Iliocostalis= lateral (ribs)
2) Longissimus= Intermediate (vertebral transverse processes)
3) Spinalis= Medial (just lateral to spinous processes)

“I Love Spaghetti” (from lateral to medial)

29
Q

Origin of the Erector Spinae Muscles

A

Common tendon of Origin

30
Q

How is each column of Erector Spinae muscles divided?

A

Each column is divided into three parts according to its superior attachment

31
Q

Iliocostalis

A

Most lateral division Erector Spinae

32
Q

Longissimus

A

Middle division of Erector Spinae

33
Q

Spinalis

A

Most medial division of Erector Spinae

34
Q

What are the three parts of the Iliocostalis muscle?

A
  • Iliocostalis lumborum
  • Iliocostalis thoracis
  • Iliocostalis Cervicis

All are associated with the ribs

35
Q

Splenius Capitus Origin

A
  • Ligamentum nuchae

- Spines of the upper throacic vertebrae

36
Q

Splenius Capitus Insertion

A
  • Occipital Bone

- Mastoid Process

37
Q

Splenius Cervicis Origin

A

T3-6, upper thoracic vertebrae

38
Q

Splenius Cervicis Insertion

A

C2-4, upper cervical vertebrae NOT skull

39
Q

Erector Spinae Origin

A

Common Tendon of Origin

40
Q

What is the common tendon of origin attached to?

A

1) Sacrum
2) Iliac Crest
3) Spinous processes of T11-L5

41
Q

Erector Spinae Function

A

Chief Extensor of the vertebral column

42
Q

What structures pass through the semispinalis capitis?

A

Greater occipital nerve & artery

43
Q

Interspinales

44
Q

Intertransversarii

45
Q

Rotators (Short & Long)

46
Q

What are the three muscles of the transversospinalis muscle group?

A

1) Semispinalis
2) Multifidus
3) Segmental Muscles

47
Q

Which two muscle groups of the deep back mainly assist with head movements?

A
  • Splenius Group

- Suboccipital Muscles

Anatomy (35 decks)

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